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1909 March 22
MEANING 3

classical Latin correctly required considerably more training than it
in ancient times than speaking English does now; and to speak and
with write it with elegance was a much greater accomplishment than it is
to use English as well; and therefore to rank logic with grammar and rhetoric
did not imply that it was a trivial matter, in the modern sense. Moreover,
logic had, during the XIIth and XIIIth centuries made considerable progress beyong
its condition when Appluleius wrote in the IInd century of our era. In fact, it well
represented the real state of thought in the middle ages.] Its fundamental principle
was that all knowledge rests either on authority or on reason; but in
practice every formula of reason was deferred to the authority either
of the infallible church or else to that of Aristotle; and although the
audacious Abelard insisted that Aristotle might have erreed, he was
constrained to admit that "doubtless he never did". [The training of

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