MS 461-463 (1903) - Lowell Lecture III - 2nd Draught

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Ladies & Gentlemen:

I continue the subject of my last lecture. From what I was saying it evidently amounts to the same thing to say that an object possesses the quality of humanity and to say that it belongs to the collection of men. Nevertheless, there is a considerable difference between a quality and a collection; for though the essence of the collection is the essence of the quality, yet its existence is the existence of all its members. A quality has no individual identity; it has no existence. But a collection is a single individual object; it exists. Not only is a heap of sand a single individual object; but

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2 Gaius Juluis Caesar

the collection composed of Juluis Caesar, of this piece of chalk, and the replica of Caesar's name that I have patron the board is a single object. Thus a collection was a mixed nature. It shares in part the nature of a substantive possibility, like a quality; which in part it shares the nature of what we call in philosophy a first substance that is an individual object existing in an [area?] of brute reaction. Some of the qualities of a collec-tion are like the qualitues of first substances and consist in what is [the?] objects members. Thus, when we say the United States has free government, we mean, that all those states are largely in habites by roters whose majority determines who is to

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3 fill the offices together with other such facts. When we say that a people is turbulent we mean that many men who are members [?] forcibly oppose other members who are a [parbofir?]. On the other hand a collection also has qualities which are similar to those general respects in which qualities agree and differ. Chief among these respects is maltitude, or maniness. Let me repeat that I never use the word multitude to mean a large collection, but I invariably use it to mean a character of a collection consisting in that collection being greater than every collection than which it is greater and being at least as small as every collect-

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4 tion that it is as least as small as. The multitude of a collection may be comparred to the huminosity of a color. Like huminosity, it is a serial respect or quantity. But even in the qualities of this respect, multitude, we find marked traces of the existential nature of collections. For all the quantities or serial respects in which substantial qualities differ are continuous; that is between any two grades, say of huminosity of a color, or of pitch of a note there is room for any multitude, however great, of others; while multitude on the contrary varies by discrete steps. This difference is due to the fact that a collection consists of

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