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of division of a whole into parts.
Suppose I were to divide that black board into two halves by drawing a line from top to bottom.
In order to do this, I introduce something, the chalk line, which was not on the surface in the first place.
Or suppose I divide the surface of an apple by cutting the apple through.
Then in dividing the surface I add the surface of the section to each parts.
Such division may be called additory division.

Next suppose I divide the word logic into its five letters.
Here I merely recognize five parts which are distinct from one another in the very being of the word.
We may speak of that as an actual division

Next consider the way in which meat is cut up.
Nothing is added; but where the cuts are made and how many are made are alike entirely arbitary.
I call such a division a laniation (laniatio being