Botany : specially written to meet the requirements of teachers' D, matriculation, public service entrance, intermediate and pharmacy A examinations

Rye, 255. grass, 255.

Sagittate, 138. Salicornia, 203. Salt meadow, 203. Saltpetre, 82. Salvia, 257. pollination, 169, 172. Samara, 179. Sand, 78. Sand-dune, 200. Sandy soil, 79. Scaly bulb, 103. Scape, 174. Scarlet runner flower, 233. twiner, 97. Schefflera digitata, 142. Schizocarp, 181. Scion, 106. Scirpus frondosus, 200. Scrub, sub-alpine, 199. Secondary root, 53. Sedges, 213. Seed, 24-5, 32-9. definition of, 38. dispersal, 184-7. advantages of, 184-5. animals, 187. explosion, 187. hygroscopic movement, 187. water, 186. wind, 185. leaves and foliage leaves, 144. reserves in, 108. Self-pollination, 161-3. Senecio seed dispersal, 185. order, 248. Sepals, 20, 151. function of, 20. modification of, 20, 152. Septum, 159. Serrate, 140. Sessile anthers, 156. leaves, 143. stigma, 159. Shepherd's Purse fruit, 181. order, 229. Shrub, 94. Silica, 78. Silicate, 75. Silicon, 76. Silicula, 181. Siliqua, 181. Silvery sand grass creeping stem, 96. seed-dispersal, 185. xerophyte, 200. Simple fruits, 179. Sinuate, 140. Snapdragon, 257. pollination, 172. Snowdrop, 255. Societies, plant, 194-214. Socrates, 244. Soil, 77-81. mechanical analysis of, 77, 83. water, 81. conserved, 136. Solanum aviculare, 182. Solitary inflorescence, 177. Solomon's seal, 101. Solution of chlorophyll, 118. Spadix, 176. Spathe 174. Spatulate, 138. Speargrass in Alpine meadow, 212. order, 243. Species, 218. Sphagnum, 202. Spike, 176. Spikelet, 252. Spines, 134, 144. Spinifex hirsutus prostrate stem, 96. seed-dispersal, 185. xerophyte, 200. Spring wood, 92. Stamen, 21-3, 155. function of, 156. Standard, 21. Starch, 29, 30, 36, 43, 74. in leaves, 120, 144. Stele of root, 67. Stem, 15-16, 90-112. aërial, 94-101. climbing, 96-9. dicotyledon, 91. erect, 94-6. functions of, 15. monocotyledon, 93. prostrate, 96. root compared, 197. tissues of, 90-2. twining, 97. Steppe, 205. Stigma, 23, 156, 159. Stipule, 19, 144. Stock for grafting, 106. flower, 229. Stolon, 101. Stool, 105. Stomata, 118-9. reduced, 133. transpiration, 131. Stork's bill, 187. Strawberry fruit, 235. runner, 101. Structure of leaf, 116, 119. root, 67-8. stem, 90-3. Struggle for Existence, 96, 105, 142, 185, 192-216. in daisy, 194. in dock, 194. Style, 23, 156, 159. Suæda, 203. Sub-alpine scrub, 199-210. Successions, 212-4. Succulent fruits, 182. Sucker, 101.

Sugar, 30, 31, 44, 74. cane in beet, 108. grape, 30. Sulphate, 75, 79. of ammonia, 76. of potash, 76. Sulphur, 75, 79. in protein, 31. in protein formation, 31. in protoplasm, 120. Sundew, 82, 203. Sunflower order, 247. seed, 33. Superphosphate, 76. Supplejack climber, 97. leaf, 140. in mixed forest, 206. order, 251. rhizome, 101. Surface feeders, 53. Survival of fittest, 192. Suspended ovule, 159, 241-2. Suture, 158. Swamp plants, 197. Sweet pea, 233. Sycamore fruit, 182. Syncarpous, 159. Synpetalous, 153. Synsepalous, 151.

Tanekaha cladodes, 133. xerophyte, 198. Tap root, 53. Taraire, 208. Taraxacum, 246. Tauhinu, 136, 198. Tawa leaf, 138. fruit, 182. in mixed forest, 206, 209. Tawari, 152. Te Aroha, 152, 196. Tea-tree (manuka) bush-burn, 213. description of, 238-40. heath plant, 198-9. inflorescence, 177. leaf, 140-1. Rangitoto, 213. Temperature of germination, 40. Tendrils 99. of bean, 19. Terminal buds, 105. Tertiary roots, 53. Testa, 32. Testing for starch and sugar, 107. Thames, 196. Thelymitra, 164. Thickened epidermis, 133. Thorn apple, 184. Timothy, 255. Tissues of leaf, 116, 119. root, 67-8. stem, 90-3. Toa-toa, 133, 135, 210. mountain, 211. Tobacco leaves, 114. Toe-toe, 254. Tomato fruit, 182. Tomentum, 247. Totara, 211. Towai, 176. Transition from foliage to flower leaves, 150. Translocation, 70. Transpiration, 127-37, 212. checks on, 133-6. conditions affecting, 128. control, 132. current, 128. measurement of, 130. stomata and, 131. Traps formed by leaves, 144. Tree, 94. Tree ferns in mixed forest, 206, 208. Tribe, 218. Tropæolum leaf, 16. order, 256. Tropisms, 55-61. Tuber, 103. Tubercles on bean root, 72. Tuberous roots, 72. Tubulifloræ, 224. Tulip order, 252. inflorescence, 177. sessile stigma, 159. Tunicated bulb, 103. Tupari, 140. Turnip order, 229. root, 71, 72. Tussock, 205, 210. Tutu, 21. Twining stems, 97. Two parents, advantage of, 172. Types of stems, 93-105. Typha, 197.

Umbel, 176. Umbelliferæ, 240-4. Uncinia, seed-dispersal, 187. Underground stems, 101-105. Unsuitable insects for pollination, 170. Utricularia, 172, 203.

Vallisneria leaves, 138, 195. pollination, 173. Variegated geranium leaf, 122. Vascular budles, 90-1. Vegetable sheep, 136, 247, 248. Vegetative organs, 12-19. in classification, 217. reproduction, 105. Veining, 138. Ventral suture, 158. Veronica, description of, 257. in successions, 211. leaves, 113. shrubby, 210. whipcord, 199. Verticillaster, 178. Vine, 99. Viola filicaulis, 163.

Violet placentation, 157. pollination, 163. runner, 101. Virginia creeper, 99. Volcanic soil, 78.

Wahlenbergia, 165. Wallflower, 225, Walnut fruit, 182. Wandering Jew, 84. Warmth for fermentation, 39. Water adhering, 137. conservation, 133, 136. cress, 125, 196, 229. cultures, 84-6. estimation of, 77. factor, 194. for germination, 43. hyacinth, 196, 197. in soil, 81. milfoils, 195, 196. plants, adaptations, 195-6. pollination, 173. seed-dispersal by, 186. star-worts, 195, 196. Water-lily flower, 150. leaf, 195. seed-dispersal, 186. Weinmannia, 176. Wharangi, 182. Whau, 140, 141, 142. Wheat, 255. Whipcord veronica, 199. White-beard, 199. Whorled, 114. Wild Irishman, 134, 198, 199. Willow, habit 94. leaves, 114, 138. roots, 60. seed dispersal, 185. Wistaria leaf, 142. Wind-still tube, 136. pollination, 165. protection against, 137. seed-dispersal by, 185. Wineberry, 209, 213. Wings, 21. Wood of root, 68; of stem, 90. Woolly hairs, 136.

Xerophytes, 133, 194, 198, 201. adaptations of, 198. Xerophytic hydrophytes, 201.

Yucca, 252 pollination, 170.

Zygomorphic, 153.

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