93

HISTORICAL ANNOTATION 391

ments. The combined quarrels among Presbyterians over theological and antislav-
ery issues led to the expulsion of the New School minority from the denomination
in 1837. The New School Presbyterians organized their own triennial general as-
sembly and functioned as a separate denomination until 1869. Thanks to the resis-
tance of conservative leaders such as the Reverend Samuel H. Cox, the New
School Presbyterians did not adopt a strict antislavery discipline until after the se-
cession of the denomination's southern members in 1857. Sydney E. Ahlstrom, A
Religious History of the American People, 2 vols, (New Haven, 1975), 2: 105–06;
Kenneth Scott Latourette, A History of Christianity (New York, 1953), 1230–33;
McKivigan, War Against Proslavery Religion, 45, 82–83, 125, 167–70, 178–80.
223.28/387.27–28 New York Evangelist] The New York Evangelist was a
Presbyterian weekly devoted to missionary work, revivalism, and social reforms
such as temperance and antislavery. It was published in New York City from 1830
to 1902. In the mid-1840s it was edited by two Presbyterian ministers, George B.
Cheever and W. H. Bidwell. In a letter dated 6 August 1846, Samuel H. Cox called
Douglass an "abolition agitator and ultraist" and claimed the speech that Douglass
gave before the World Temperance Convention had been offensive to the Ameri-
can delegation to that gathering. According to Cox, Douglass "allowed himself to
denounce America and all of its temperance societies together, as a grinding com-
munity of enemies of his people" because they did not necessarily endorse radical
abolitionism. "Letter from Dr. Cox," New York Evangelist, 10 September 1846.
224.1/388.13 "have greatness forced upon them."] Twelfth Night, act 2, sc. 5,
line 158.
224.32–33/189.26–27 single newspaper regularly published by the colored
people] Douglass was mistaken. In 1847 Martin Delany's weekly newspaper, the
Mystery, was still being published in Pittsburgh. The Mystery first appeared in
1843 and was the first black newspaper to appear west of the Alleghenies. In Janu-
ary 1848 the African Methodist Episcopal Church bought the paper out, renamed it
the Christian Recorder, and moved it to Philadelphia, where it operated as the offi-
cial organ of the A.M.E. church until 1860. The Ram's Horn, published in New
York City by Thomas Van Renssenlear, also was still in publication when Douglass
began the North Star. It failed in July 1848. Hutton, Early Black Press, 16–17,
165–66; Ripley, Black Abolitionist Papers, 3: 483, 4: 128.
224.35–36/389.31–32 nearly two thousand . . . speedily raised] Biographer
William McFeely estimates that Douglass returned from Great Britain with more
than four thousand dollars to begin the North Star. Douglass had gathered promises
from friends overseas, including Isabel Jennings of Cork, Maria Webb of Dublin,
the Richardson family in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and the Reverend R. L. Carpenter
of Halifax, that they would solicit subscriptions to the new paper from those who
had heard Douglass speak. Mcfeely, Frederick Douglass, 150.
225.3–4/390.8–9 turning my face . . . spring of 1847] Douglass left Liverpool
aboard the Cambria on 4 April 1847 and landed in Boston on 20 April 1847. Liver-