391

HISTORICAL ANNOTATION 1019

Democratic party." Republicans at the time were delighted that a red-blooded south-
erner like Mosby had used the term in a negative light toward his native region, and
the New York Tribune, recognizing the danger of political conglomeration, stated that
"The claim of a 'solid South ' is likely to do the Democrats fully as much harm as
good." Nevertheless, the South voted solidly Democratic well into the mid-twentieth
century. Satire, New Political Dictionary, 730-31.

438.2 Charles S. Morris] Charles Satchell Morris (1865-c.1952), Baptist minis-
ter and missionary, served as minister of the Myrtle Baptist Church in West Newton,
Massachusetts (1896-99), and acted as a missionary in Liberia and South Africa
before accepting the pastorate of the Abyssinian Baptist Church in New York City
(1902-08). More missionary work followed his New York pastorate, and in 1911 he
began a lengthy tenure at a Baptist church in Norfolk, Virginia. Morris joined
Douglass on a speaking tour on behalf of Benjamin Harrison's presidential campaign
in 1888. Douglass Papers, ser. 1, 5:xxiv, 390; William H. Ferris, The African Abroad
or His Evolution in Western Civilization, 2 vols. (New Haven, Conn., 1913), 2:801-
04; Adam Clayton Powell, Adam by Adam: The Autobiography of Adam Clayton
Powell, Jr. (New York, 1971), 46-47; Lewis R. Harlan et al., eds., Booker T.
Washington Papers, 14 vols. (Urbana, Ill., 1972-89), 5:102; Joseph B. Earnest, "The
Religious Development of the Negro in Virginia" (Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia,
1914), 221.

438.3 I made speeches in five different States] Douglass spoke in numerous
localities, including engagements in at least four states, in the months leading up to
the 1888 presidential election, endorsing the platform of the Republican National
Committee. His September travels took him to Indiana, where he and Charles Morris
spoke on 22 September. On 25 September he addressed a large crowd at Grand
Rapids, Michigan, moving on to speak at Pontiac the next day. On the following
Saturday, 29 September, he spoke at Detroit. Returning to New England, Douglass
and others addressed Republican rallies at Hartford and New Haven, Connecticut,
both on 25 October. At the end of the month, he addressed a crowd at the Park Rink
in Orange, New Jersey, on 29 October. Detroit Tribune, 26, 27 September 1888;
Washington (D.C.) Bee, 29 September 1888; Hartford (Conn.) Courant, 24 October
1888; New Haven (Conn.) Morning Journal and Courier, 25 October 1888; New
Haven (Conn.) Evening Register, 26 October 1888; New York Daily Tribune, 30
October 1888.

438.38-24 "What doth it ... lose one's soul?"] A paraphrase of Mark 8:36.

438.38-39 There seems ... principle of protection] The tariff issue was in many
respects the defining issue of the 1888 campaign . Placing a duty on imported goods,
a tariff raises revenues while shielding domestic products from foreign competition.
Cheaper goods held off the American market forced users of these goods to pay higher
prices. This strategy in turn artificially supported the prices of American goods. Those
who supported the tariff claimed it to be synonymous with the American way of life.
It shielded "infant industries" against the international capitalists and "pauper labor"