Journal, 1787 June 18-September 4.

7 neither so industreous, sober, or well informed in farming as the Germans who are the most valuable settlers.

To Lewisbourgh (lately [Left margin] 144 called Harristown) on the other side of the Susquahannah, a good road, the ferry 1 mile 10 rood wide; horse [1f?], light waggon [5f?] Loaded 7/6, plenty of Salmon Rock, pike trout & passed a delightful Island, cultivated & richly wooded, 3 1/2 miles distant Consecongens creek on which are many mills, has about 200 real houses some brick & many good Loghouses of two stories & likely to encrease [Left margin] 4

June 25 . . . To Carlisle town & borough, Cumberland County well cultivated in the town 500 houses a few brick but mostly of blue lime stone, well built generally 2 story high, the Lots 60 front 240 deep, a Court house, Goal Market, Episcopal, Presbeterean & a German Church, - Dickensons College lately founded at present 70 Students, 35 attend the Classicks, Chronoly & Geogra, 20' natural philosophy - 12 good houses now building, a Red soil on a blue lime stone - 1/2 mile from the town, theres large range of good brick buildings for stores &c. each 282 feet long 24 broad Do. Barracks of like dementions, hospital Magazine Foundery &c. of stone all built during the War & to which the Aca College is to be removed, when fitted for the purpose, Latent spring, running about 80 or 100 yards to the Westward, on which are Mills ^{vide plan page 68} -- they have a tollerable [Left margin] on the next page library & apparatus for Natural Philosop. [Left margin] Oct 26 Elect. Mashene [????opes] vide plan of Buildings [Right margin] 16 To Shipingsbourgh 500 houses mostly Log, at the end [Left margin] [symbol] of which is middle spring on which are 2 mills - [Right margin] 21 [Right margin] 185

8 [left margin] + 14 mile N E from Carlisle, on Mr Cockrans farm of 500 Acres is the head of big spring a solid rock 200 feet over from the base of which the water in many places rushes ou[t?] with great rapidity, appearing in some par[ts?] like boiling water, it is 900 feet to the da[m?] on which is a grist mill & for the most part 140 feet broad, in many places 15 feet deep, great part [environ'd?] with romantick rocks & hills well wooded, to which walked 2 miles out of the road.

[left margin] [symbol] From Shipingsborough went a new road dug from the side of hills, which saves a round of 20 Miles

[left margin] June 27 [right margin] 18 - - - To Horse Valley, the first 4 miles level, next two miles easey hills with small stones, (here a cluster of pine trees the first met with) next 4 or 5 miles, easy land with small lime stones. Hitherto came over no hills but what was easy for Carriages, crossed herrings branch & another creek on which were mills, the land good, farms at small distances & intermediate wood, of hickerry walnut & black chesnut. Most of the farms seem'd to have been lately settled from the trees standing dead by girting, yet the land ploughed & in grain, which is the general practice, in what is called the back country, several drove of loaded horses from 8 to 20, [deletion: also] for the most part a cask on each side, with nails Iron &c also loaded Waggons ^ ^{5 horses} generally 4 or 5 in Company, we passed, bound to

9 [right margin] 185 Pittsbourgh also some light Waggons with famalies furniture & going to Kentucky _ Came to the foot of North or blue mountain, 3 miles of easey ascent, on the summit is a spring of good water from whence is an extensive prospect to the Eastward of Farms & woodland; breakfasted at Skinners who made the new road & the best Inn on the Road, a pistol shot ^ ^No. from Skinners, is the remains of Fort Littleton 87 feet square with 4 bastions [right margin] 14

NB there is a road through the Valley, many settlement, & a town at the head of Connagwins spring which falls into the [deletion] Susquhannah 3 miles westward is Connague Spring that falls into the Potomack. A light blue flame is seen in the night, that when followed vanishes & ^ ^{from whence} it is thought there are copper silver & lead mines

___ To Fort Littleton & Birds tavern, 2 miles low land, good soil & timber, then ascended middle mountain 2 [1/2?] miles long, of easy ascent, on the top of which is a spring of good water from the which there is a view of fine extensive bottom to the Et. with many farms, with surrounding hills enriched with the best buildg. timber. the descent to the Westward, stoney & steep the west base appearing to be lower than the Eastern, at the foot of the mountain crossed the head of Cannochieque spring a Creek on which are mills, then entered a valley 1 1/2 miles good land & road (the last hill termenates Franklin County) [right margin] 199

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within 1/4 mile of Tescarora mountain high pitch & yellow pines, interspersed with oak 3/4 over the mountain, then good land timber trees 1 1/2 miles very stoney, the surrounding hills appear rich, with many settlements. from the bottom of the mountain to Fort Littleton & Reid tavern is 5 miles - - -

June 28 - - - To the foot of sideling hill, this road good, some easy hills. 9 farms on the road. 3 first miles best timber, then tall pines & oaks & stoney the last 3 miles a red soil like that of New Jersey - - -

- - - To Junietta River. Sideling hill is exceeding rocky. large stones & steep, a fine clear spring ripling down a considerable way, trees yellow pitch pine, the last 4 miles less stoney & better land. 3 farms also 3 publick houses. At the foot of the mountain crossed Junietta River 105 yards wide fine clear water. Where is Esqr Martins tavern

Here was picked up a piece of native lead, one of sulpher & one heavey quality unknown. - - altho the hills passed are not very steep, yet they might be called mountains with equal propriety as those of the Allegany. & the last hill is counted as bad as any to Pitsbourg.

- - - To Bedford town the road very good but the fourth mile stoney, as it is in a few other places, but of no length the hills moderate & the road for the most part clear of stone. The land in general good, but here & there are [right margin] 28

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231 [in right margin]

patches of pine land. say several beautiful birds on the no. side of a Raisetown branch of Juneata river & on the So. side of Dunnings creek or Frankstown branch of Junietta. - 19 farms upon the road. Bedford is a county town situated upon Dunnings Creek has a local house, goal, prisbeterian church & 70 or 80 Stone or Log houses, & pleasantly situated. crossed the creek over a bridge a mile before came to the town, counted very healthy. many sheep feeding upon the common _ ________

14 [in the right margin]

June 29 [in the left margin]

To Ryans, the foot of the Allagany mountains (the old Philada road,) for the most part easy hills some part pine & other trees. 8 farms on the road. NB a new road has been lately opened to the Southward through a glade wherein are many Dutch settlements. Ryans an excellent tavern

13 [in the right margin]

------ To Statlers publick house, 2 miles easy gentle hills, tollerable good land & timber, before we came to what I should call the foot of Allagany mount, then crossed a spring & mounted the steepest ascent hitherto, but of no great length, then a gradual rising, rocky road, with springs from eachside murmering down the road over the stones, perfectly clear & truly romantic adorned on each side by good timber trees, in 2 1/2 miles came to a public house a little above which there is good level land, then rising ground

258 [in the right margin]