Warren, John. Lectures upon anatomy :.

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Volume containing lecture notes of Harvard Medical School Professor John Warren (1753-1815) beginning on 10 December 1783 for the first course in anatomy he taught. The lectures were delivered in Harvard Yard, probably in Holden Chapel. Warren offers an overview of the history of medicine and anatomy, in addition to lectures devoted to specific parts and functions of the human body, and discussion of dissection. Concerning autopsies, Warren tells his students, "At the first view of dissections, the stomach is apt to turn, but custom wears off such impressions. It is anatomy that directs the knife in the hand of a skilful surgeon, & shews him where he may perform any necessary operation with safety to the patient. It is this which enables the physician to form an accurate knowledge of diseases & open dead bodies with grace, to discover the cause or seat of the disease, & the alteration it may have made in the several parts." "Goldsmith's animated nature," in an unidentified hand appears on the final thirty-nine pages of the volume.

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37 Lect 3d

which kept the Arteries full by supplying them with a fresh Quantity of nutritious Particles; He made it a Rule to take a Dram, whenever he found himself attecked with the Symptoms, which always gave him Ease, & as he imagined, prevented his Fainting, as we may suppose it did by causing an immediate Tension; & especially as he always found the same Relief from drinking any Fluid for a while, even Water, or eating heartily, & so taking up the [?] made by the that Laxity of the Vessels occasioned by Fasting. It was easy to discover by his Pulse, when his Heart was affected, & made its Struggles as he was indeed sensible of it himself. At Length he died suddenly in one of these Fits, & upon dissecting his Body, it was found, that the Coats of the Arteries, had in a great Measure lost their Elasticity, especially where the Aorta branches off to make the Iliacs, & he seemed in general to have but little Blood, which very well accounts for the Methods, that gave him Relief, & affords a Hint, that swathing moderately tight would have been of Service. Violent Exercise has been found of great Service to such Persons for a Time, accordingly a Gentleman subject to this Complaint put off the Paroxysms by violent Agitation & swinging his Arms about -

Of Blood Letting & Hemorrhages

What will be the Effect of Phlebotomy? Bellini says it

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38 Lect 3d

flows faster out of the Orifice, & with greater Rapidity in the Veins, than it does in it's natural Circulation Because the Force of the Blood, that was necessary to propel the Column between the Orifice & Heart is taken off Haller confirms this, & saw by his Glasses, that it accelerated the Blood, & even produced a Retrograde Motion, as far as the Valves would permit. Opening a Vein then in any Part, increases the Circulation at that Part, except at the Time, that the Operation is performing, & then it is slower.

Of Derivation & Revulsion -

Bleeding in the Diseased Part increases the Celerity of the Blood in that Part, & is this called Derivation to that Part, as by this means the Quantity of Blood in the Opposite Part of the Body is thereby diminished, it is with respect thereto called Revulsion from that part. Thus Venae Section in particular Diseases is attended with very great Advantages. Thus for a Pain in the Head VnSectn. is ordered in the Feet, hence the resistance in the Feet being taken off. more Blood is derived to the Feet, but a Revulsion to the Head, & if there is a Pleurisy in the right Side we bleed in the Left - The Method of Stopping Hamorrhages. The Antients made Use of Ligatures on the Joints, to stop Hamorrhages abating the Impetus of Blood, but the Moderns in obstinate

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Hamorrhages of the Lungs, Nose or Uterus, generally take away Blood from the Arm, which is found to stop other Bleedings. Dr. Hunter thinks the modern Practice preferable to the Antients. - Opening a Vein may relieve Hamorrhages in two Ways. 1st. By diminishing the Quantity of Blood, emptying the Vessels, lowering the Force of Circulation, sometimes producing a sudden faintness, whereby the Vessels collapse & stop the Hamorrhage act with less Force on the Blood 2d. by making a Revulsion from the Part - The System being too full in general, the making Ligatures on the Joints has it's Use, when the Patient is very low, as it does not exhaust them nearly so much as Phlebotomy does, but probably it has the same Effects, as Bleeding, viz in causing a Languor, whereby the Blood Coagulating stops the Mouths of the bleeding Vessels & the Force of the Circulation will be as effectually abated, as if Vena Sectn. had been used, the Ligature then should be gradually loosed & taken off with Ease. - Faintings are very beneficial in Floodings, & all Kinds of Hamorrhages, in Floodings, for instance, this is the Method, which Nature takes to relieve herself, so that the very thing, which seems to threaten the Patients Death, proves the Cure, & it is very desirable, that these faintings should continue long, for if the Patient of herself

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