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things that I think I want to note about Aristotle. Because
he is known for his position that different disciplines re-
quire different orders of proof. This is not always accepted,
even now. Perhaps that is why our social scientists are
always trying to quantify. Sometimes it’s better expressed
in numbers and sometimes it is labor to go to numbers. But
our culture seems to have a lot more respect for numbers and
graphs than they do for intuition. You can’t use intuition
in the Pentagon. They throw you out if when asked, “Why do
you think we ought to have so many guns on this ship?” you
said, “I just know it, by intuition I came across this.” It’s
just as valid. If you read these scholars there are many
people who place just as many much validity on it – it depends
on what you’re talking about. But you’ve got to have lines
and numbers. Aristotle would have scoffed at that. People
say, in the same light, since you cannot give exact demon-
strations of ethical truth, that everything is relative.
Again, that’s the easy way out. He had gradations of proof.
Joe will talk a little bit more about that. For instance,
he thought that theological proof could be a good deal more
rigorous than say, social scientific proof. Social scientific
proof, now, usually consists of asking questions of people
in the form of questionnaires. Then you come back with what
is dispensed as knowledge. Aristotle would have scoffed at that.

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