1956s.17-ms-04

New ideas in science are hard to have
because they are strange, unexpected. Heisenberg
was willing to give up ordinary algebra
and to invent a new algebra (new to him) in which
ab is not equal to ba, in order to
find a quantum mechanics of atoms.
A conventional person would never have
thought of taking such a radical step.
Scientists must be radicals, not conservatives.
They must feel free to examine any question
from every point of view, to have
every kind of idea; and this feeling
must be a deep one, in the unconscious,
or the unconscious will not solve the
problem.

The European universities, over a
period of centuries, discovered that scholars
must be free. A simple argument explains
why academic freedom was developed.
A good professor is the man who knows more
than anyone else in the world about his
subject, and who has the best chance