XM690 The organization of Australian tribes

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most probably into the Biduell scrubs which were the nearest refuge to them. The Kurnai who told me of this occurrence said that these two were not seen again until Gippsland was [settled - crossed out] occupied by white men, when they reappeared and went to the Melbourne district under the protection of the Native Police, and were never again heard of. (1)

[written in left side margin] (1) K & K p. 348

Kamilaroi [underlined]

one of the best known Nations [crossed out - was] [term?] in NSW is that of the Kamilaroi speaking tribes who occupied a considerable extent of northern New South Wales/NSW up to the boundary of Queensland. The following details will serve to define approximately the boundaries of their country (1)

[Left margin note} (1) from Mr [Hardy?] of Maitland New South Wales/NSW and who for 50 years lived in the Kamilaroi country.

Up the Hunter River from Singleton up to Murrurundi; thence it follows the Dividing Range to the foot of the Mountain above Tamworth thence to Manilla, Barraba, Cobbedah, Bingera and down the Gwydir/Gwydir River, [crossed out - River and] Barwon Rivers to Walgett; thence by a line a little East] of Baradine and Coonabarrabran to the Dividing Range near the sources of the Talbragar Creek and the Goulburn River - in short nearby the Pastoral District of Liverpool Plains.

North of the Gwydir up to the Queensland frontier [crossed out - and] on the Darling/Darling River from Walgett to Bourke it is Kamilaroi and Wotheroi mixed. on the Castlereagh River it is Kamilaroi and Wiradjuri mixed.

The Kamilaroi nation was comprised of tribes each occupying a definite tract of country which it claimed

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as its "taurai" or food ground. Thus [crossed out - these] they occupied the following tracts (1) Singleton to Muswell Brook. (2) Muswell Brook to Murrurundi, (3) Murrurundi to Quirindi, (4) Quirindi to Gunnedah, (5) Gunnedah to Bogabri, (6) Bogabri to Narrabri, (7) Narrabri to Pilliga, (8) Pilliga to Walgett; there being a subtribe at Barraba and or in over the rest of the Kamilaroi country.

The boundaries of the tribes and subtribes were well defined and none must pass beyond them in search of food.

This page is typed and appears to be a page from a book listing finances. For the Board of Works.

[Left margin note] The Dieri +c Anthrop Inst Vol XX p 34

The Kunandaburi [underlined] Matara [linked to] Kūlbara - Emu Kani - Frilled Lizard Wiripira - Kangaroo Rat Mŭrŭthera - opossum Kokola - Bandicoot Korinya - A small wallaby Korimora - Brown Snake Kopūla - Speckled Brown Snake

Yůngo [linked to] Kūnlāra - Native companion Taldra - Kangaroo Tūragŭrū - Iguana Jiti - Dog Wogarachi - crow Kogūnya - Blue crane Warangūni - Carpet snake Orikomatu - Frog

These classes and totems are called "Gaura".

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Mr Hogarth has given me a list showing how these totems intermarry in the Yandairunya, which is as follows:-

1. Kurara - marries with Kuraru, Arkaba, Naranati [underlined], Wakabo 2. Tantani - marries with Thalka, Arkaba [underlined] 3. Kopri - marries with Kokala 4. Kadui - marries with Kokala 5. Mudla -marries with Kuraru 6. Wadnamura - marries with Wanbura- Upala [underliined], Wakalo [underlined] 7. Wurdigi - marries with Warawati 8. Kurdmuri - marries with Thalka 9. Upala - marries with Wadnamura 10. Wakalo - marries with Wadnamura, Kurara [underlined] 11. Arkaba - marries with Tantani - Kurara [underlined] 12. Thalka - marries with Tantani - Kuramura [underlined] 13. Kokola - marries with Kadui - Kapri [underlined] 14. Warawati - marries with Kurara, Kuramura [underlined] 15. Kuraru - marries with Mudla, [underlined] Kurara 16. Waubura - marries with Wadnamura

An inspection of the table shows that it is imperfect as indeed Mr Hogarth himself says, according to the ordinary I might almost say that universal rule that sisters are exchanged as wives there should be reciprocity in their marriage. In the above lists this is the case as to 2.4.6 [?12?] 13 16 and therefore that belief is justified that it maybe so in the other totems. This same principle of reciprocity would suppose certain other cases which I have added in italics. There is also some evidence that [the - crossed out] totems marries only into a certain group of the opposite totems, for Mr Hogarth says " Kūrara classes as a birthright to marry with the murdus Kauru, Arkaba and Wekalo" - but he then adds " a man of the Kurara murdu cannot however claim all of the women of these murdus as his Peras. The number is restricted but in what manner is not known to me." In the section on

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