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THE FIRST RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC
The seven sounds in Music are represented by characters,
called Notes, named after the first seven letters of the alphabet,
A, B, C, D, E, F, G. A Staff consists of five parallel lines and
their four spaces: lines, spaces,
always counting upwards. When the air or melody runs above
or below the staff, short lines are added, called ledger lines;
thus:
In order to determine the pitch of musical notes, certain signs,
called Cleffs, have been invented, which are placed at the begin-
ning of the staff. The clef used for the violin is called the tre-
ble or G clef, and is placed on the second line of the staff, thus:
G, which gives to that line the name of G. The follow-
ing are the names of all the notes on the stafff, spaces, and leger
lines above and below, as used for the violin, in the first position.
G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B
There are seven different sorts of notes in general use, viz.:
the semibreve or whole note, ; minim or half note, ; crotchet
or quarter note, ; quaver or eighth note, ; semiquaver or six-
teenth note, ; demisemiquaver or thirty-second note, ; and
the hemi-demisemiquaver or sixty-fourth note, . The relative
proportions they bear to each other are as follows: the whole
note is as long as 2 half notes , or 4 quarters or 8 eights, or 16 sixteenths, or 32 thirty-seconds, or 64 sixty-fourths. The stems may trn up or down, and be hooked , or joined, without making any difference in their time. A Dot after a notes makes it half as long again; thus, . is equal to one quarter and eight, thus . Sometimes the second dot is used, and half as long as the first; thus .. is equal to . The Rest is mark of silence, and corrsponds with the note for which it stands. Example:
[image of the example metioned above]
Dotted rests are of the same duratin of time as their correspond-ing dotted notes: thus [image of the example] is equal to [image of the example]. When a rest of two or more measures occures, figures are used to express the numbers of measures; thus: [image of the example] and sometimes marks, thus [image of the example]
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