Cushing, George A.. George A. Cushing letter book, 1799-1802 (inclusive). Mss:766 1799-1802 C984, Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School.

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Biographical Note

George Augustus Cushing was a merchant and slave trader active in Havana, Cuba, and Boston between the 1790s and early 1800s. He exported commodities including American lace, ribbons, flour, and staves and imported West Indies goods like molasses and sugar. Often in partnership with Captain Daniel Edes, he engaged in slaving voyages to Africa.

Scope and Contents

Letter book of Boston merchant and slave trader George A. Cushing, who lived for several years in Havana, Cuba, dating from 1799 to 1802. His letters from Havana describe the economic and political environment, and discuss sales of American goods in Cuba, including fans, lace, ribbons, feathers, and flour, and the items he shipped to Boston, such as sugar, molasses, cochineal, and cinnamon. A number of letters reference the market for slaves and opportunities for bringing enslaved persons into Spanish colonies. Additional topics were the yellow fever outbreak in 1799, an incident in which American consular agent John Morton attempted to smuggle specie into Havana in 1800, the temporary suspension by Spain of trade between America and Cuba, and the French Revolutionary Wars. He wrote to his uncle regarding his efforts to replace Morton as the U.S. consul at Havana and requested he intervene with President Thomas Jefferson on Cushing's behalf. Other correspondents included Captain Daniel Edes, with whom Cushing partnered on slaving voyages, Boston merchants John Hancock (active 1769-1800) and Samuel Parkman (1752-1824), and Spanish officials like Havana Governor Juan Procopio de Bassecourt, as well as Juan Clemente Núñez del Castillo, the Marquis of San Felipe and Santiago, and G.R. and Francisco de Azcárate. In December 1799 Cushing wrote to Boston lawyer Perez Morton (1751-1837; Harvard AB 1771) about a proposed voyage to Cape Horn and Canton, China. A January 1800 letter to Thomas Fletcher of Charleston, South Carolina, discusses the Havana market for slaves, and Cushing notes that "at this season of the year they are always high, it being the harvest time and their services much wanted." Similarly in April 1800 he writes William Clap that "prime slaves are quick at 500" dollars a person, though there are "but few guineamen in port," referring to slave ships. In 1801, Cushing sailed back to Boston via Charleston and Philadelphia, and sent letters during his visits to those ports regarding his business matters and activities. Cushing also corresponded with plantation owner Nathaniel Fellowes, Jr., in 1802 about an idea to sell Spanish customs papers to American merchants that would admit their ships into Havana. In March 1802 Cushing writes to J.L. de la Cuesta "on the subject of introducing slaves from Mozambique into Lima, wishing to know whether a voyage of this kind would be practicable, & what the probable price of slaves would be."

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Boston 30th. June 1802

Alex. J. Dallas.

Being unexpectedly called upon by the Gentleman wh. whom I had agreed to travel from Phila. to Boston, 'twas out of my power to see you ye. eveng. I propos'd, & on my arrival in New York was detained by Indispossition for nearly two months, & have since been unable to transact bussiness. These are the reasons I have to offer for haveing been negful in my remittance to you. You have however a triffle herewith enclosed, Say U. S. B. Bank at Baltimore, (Bill) No. 3772. for 50 dls. This you will be kind enough to place to my credit. My first bussiness, on arrival in your City (say two mo. hence) will be to adjust my acco. with you. You have probably, before this, recovered judgment against Mr. FitzSimons. If so, be kind enough to suspend your further operations, 'till you hear from me again, unless he comes forward, & makes those offers for a settlement which you may think proper to accept.

By return of post, wish you wou'd enclose me the Assigment which I left in your hands, as there is an oppery. for sending it to the Havana, & I suppose it is no longer useful to you.

Yrs. &c

C.

[Mail.]

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Boston 6th. July 1802

Alex. J. Dallas.

Having been out of Town a few days, Your favor of 27th. ult. did not reach me 'till this morning.

Mr. Azcárate

[Mail.]

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has been fortunate in finding some of the property of Mr. F. in the W. India's & on this an Embargo is laid; You will, however, hold the judgment against him, to serve, in case of any unlooked for accident. These circumstances, be pleased to keep from the knowledge of Mr. F. Will thank you to forward me the assignment I left in your hands. I wrote you the 30th. ult. & enclosed a 50 dl. Bill. I shall have occasion to make a Trip to your city in 7 or 8 weeks, at which time your accounts shall be adjusted. I think but little of Mr. F.s offer of 212,000 acres of Georgia land as security. Shall not write him for the present.

Yrs. &c.

C

[Mail.]

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Boston 16th. Augt. 1802

G. R. de Azcarate Esqr.

You have herewith Enclosed Tho. Fitz Simons assignment of the Brig Florida & Cargo; & Shou'd you not Succeed in Securing your debt in New providence, as you wrote me, this Insstrument may be of service to you. I have recovered judgment against him at Court & he now remains to be proceeded against Admitting there shou'd ultimately be no alternative, I hope however you are before this, well Secured.

Be kind enough to acknowledge this P first oppery.

Yrs. &c.

G A C

[P the Marquis de Someruelos]

[The assignment sent, was a notarial Copy of the original, with the Spanish Consuls Certificate.]

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10th. Augt. 1802.

Querido Amigo Pancho.

My friend, N. Fellowes Esqr. informs me you have honored my draft on your for 2,000 dls. I thank you for this new mark

[P ditto.]

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of your punctuality & friendship.

If you wish to make a few thousand Dollars, there is now a good opportunity by the purchase of ships here, to be put under Spanish Colours for the Havana. For this purpose 'tis necessary to procure of your Governor, compleat Setts of Ships Papers, designating even the names of Ships that may be purchased, their tonage &c. And let them go from this place in Balast. Or, what is Still better, sell those papers here to those who have Ships & wish to put them under Spanish Colours For sale. Every sell of Papers wou'd Sell for seven or eight hundred Dollars, & perhaps a thousand. But they ought to be for Ships of 200 to 300 tons burthen. I conceive there wou'd not be much difficulty in procuring these papers, and if you have a mind to Send me a few setts, I will dispose of them here for our joint account, and hold your proportion of the proceeds Subject to your order. A great number of papers have been procured in this way; Expressly for the admission of vessels in ballast into the Havana for sale. Shou'd you conclude to send them on, the Sooner they arrive, the better. Let me hear from you P first vessel to any part of the Continent.

Our friend Dr Daniel Edes is on his way from Cadiz to the Havana in the Ship Enterprize.

Yrs. &c.

G. A. C.

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Boston 16th. Augt. 1802.

Dear Nat.

I put on board the "Marques de Someruelos" yesterday, a pair of bundles directed to you,

[P ditto.]

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contain'g Newspapers, pamphets &c. You have now enclosed the papers of this day.

The amount of my dft on Azcárate, I wish you wou'd forward P first oppory. (if not already done).

Be kind enough to tell my friend Chauviteau, that I think him the most tardy correspondent I ever had. Make however, my best compliments to him. I respect his good qualities & lament my not having seen him when in this Country. Where is our friend, modest John? He seems burried. Where the Devil does he keep himself? Shou'd he still be with you, remember me most cordially to him, as also to Mr. Reed, whose father I saw yesterday & in health.

Continue to write me, & believe me yours most Sincerely &c &c.

G. A. C.

N. B. I have some difficulty here in closing an account with with one Clap who was the owner of that parcel of Rubbish which you was knowing to my selling in the Havana. This bussiness will finally be left to a refference, and I wish you wou'd give your opinion of those goods in a letter to me (distinct from all other affairs) which letter I wish to show to the refferees. Clap has insinuated that all those goods were fresh & of the first quality, & that they were invoiced very low!! You know this to be false, & that they were the damndest parcel of refuse shop worn trash that ever was sent to a foreign port. Your written opinion on this Subject will be of service to me, & I shall be much obliged to you for it. Let it come, if you please, by the first vessel to any part of the Continent.

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One thing more. There are a great number of people here who are anxious to procure Spanish papers for the admission of their vessels into the Havana for sale or frieght under Spanish Colours. And I have no doubt but a few setts, say ten or a dozen for vessels of from two to three hundred tons might be sold here at an enormous price, say a thousand Dollars P sett. If you Shou'd in consequence of having a Ship named the "Marques de Someruelos" have any influence with the Governor, or thro' any other Channel be able to procure these convenient things, and will forward them to me, I will dispose of them, (and I will warrant you at a handsome price) on joint account. They ought to name the Vessel, & even determine the tonage, & the purchaser here will adapt them accordingly. Write me on this subject, & cou'd you forward a Sett or two, immediately, 'twou'd be clever. It wou'd be nothing more or less than putting into our pockets 500 dolls. each. What say you to this? Eh! No bad speculation, and this cou'd be effected without any implication on either side. I believe Capt. W. Miller procured papers when in the Havana of just about this stamp for the Govr. Strong & two or three other vessells, all of which at that time lay in this port. I beleive Capt. Skillings goes passenger in the Marques de Someruelos. Shou'd this be the Case, say nothing to him on the above subject.

N. B. Have you sold my old Clock? If not I wish you wou'd sell it to somebody for something. That belongs to Claps Inco. & was charg'd at an hundred Dolls.!!!

GAC

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