Elliott, Stephen, 1771-1830. Stephen Elliott papers, 1791- approximately 1947. Letters from Henry Muhlenberg to Stephen Elliott, 1810 July 2-1812 November 11. gra00020. Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Botany Libraries, Harvard University.

Acharius has written 3 different works, I suppose none of them is to be had in our book store. The last is a 4to volume, the others 8vo. I will willingly spare you one of the last 8vo. if you wish it.

The names of the 50 I sent you are now [101. Borrera ciliaris X 102 Ramalina farinacea X 103. Parmelia parietina X 104. Cenomyce rangiferina X 105. Evernia prunastri X 106. Cenomyce pyxidata X 107. Variolaria communis 108 I dont find Cenomyce cuccifera X 109 Cetraria nivalis I dont find 110 Parmelia centrifuga Cetraria nivalis 111. Parmelia centrifuga X 112 Parmelia olivacea X 113 Parmelia saxatilis X 114 Usnea plicata X 115. Parmelia caperata X 116. Usnea hirta X 117 Cenomyce gracilis X 118 Usnea florida X 119 Parmelia physodes X 120 Parmelia diatrypa 121 Parmelia perlata X 122 Cetraria glauca X 123 Cenomyce sylvatica X 124 Cornicularia aculeata X 125 Borrera furfuracea X 126 Alectoria jubata X 127 Sticta pulmonaria X 128 Stereocaulon paschale X 129 Parmelia pulverulenta X 130 I dont not find 131 Cetraria islandica X 132 Parmelia perforata X 134 Peltidea aphthosa X 135 Parmelia aquilo 136 Lecidia sorediata 137 Parmelia speciosa X 138 Parmelia tiliacea 139 Collema tremelloides 140 Gyrophora pensylvania [pennsylvania] 141 Gyrophora papulosa 142 Cenomyce symphycarpa X 143 Cenomyce allotropa X 144 Cenomyce furcata X 145 Lecidea muscorum X (Lecidea when Scutella has no different margin. Parmelia with a different marg)]

146. Opegraphe X 147. Lecanora subtusca X 148. Lecanora turneri X 149. Lecidea rubescens X 150 Lecidea parasema.]

Acharius has now in his hands a collection of Pens. Lichens from me on which I expect his answer. When it arrives I will send you all the duplicates.

That you have seen D Baldwin pleases me much. Sincerely I hope he may return safe and in good health. When he comes to see you pray mention some of his numbers in particular to him [700. Lycium car. [carolinianum] more specim 716. Ageratum conyz. [conyzoides] more 730. Juncus more 719. native Marygold botanic garden 742. Arundo, whether native? 748. Asclepias curass. [curassavica] or coccinea w Bartram, whether native? 750. Whether native Myrtus like. 743. Euphorbia whether native? ] You mention nothing in your letter of your new shrub my Elliottia. Have you seen the fruit? My specimen is too imperfect to judge. Very much I will be obliged to you for information and a good specimen.

Sorry I am that my eyes and strength will not permit me to add more. Permit me to conclude with sentiments of unchageable esteem and to remain Sir Your most obedient servant and sincere friend Henry Muhlenberg

8. April 1812 Phan: 391 — 469 Cryp: 84 — 133

[postmark] LANCAR. P 25 APR Elliott Esquire PAID 10 Stephen Elliott Esq {Esquire} at Beaufort S. Carolina franco

Lancaster April 8, 1812

My dear Sir

I am happy that your packet and letter dated Nov, 1811 have arrived at last April 4, 1812. After condoling with you sincerely on the loss of your children I beg you to receive my best thanks for the many and rare specimens you sent. Some of them you had from your correspondents and are rather imperfect but even fragments are wellcome when the plant is new.

As an opportunity offered for Philadelphia I made up immediately a packet for you in return containing Numbers 401-500 very near only such as were mentioned in your catalogue as desiderata, also Cryptogama 151-168 chiefly Sphacria they all grow with us. If time had permitted more would have been added, but all was done in haste and in one forenoon. I will continue to send plants mentioned in your catalogue and in a future letter make some observations on your catalogue. Mr. Lyons put down a number of plants twice. What a pity it is that Michaux changed the names so much and that American botanists communicate their names so little to others. Acharii [Acharius, Erik] Prodromus is in the packet.

Since my last letter to you of March 13, I had the pleasure to receive a small packet of Cryptogamia plants chiefly Mosses from our mutual friend D Baldwin, brought from Savanna by M. Kin. I had likewise to see one of his pupils D. George Marshall who is gone since to Caraccas and promises to send from thence whatever he finds remarkable in their flora. Should the navigation be uninterrupted much good may be done by him. Our spring here is rather late — the Anemone hepatica, Viola odora [odorata], Tussilago farfara, Hydrocotyle bipinnata opened their flowers only April 3, and made the beginning

Your specimens I have looked through and I give you my opinion on them as far as I am now able. [ 319 X Utricularia cornuta — grows like many other southern plants also in the Jersies X 392 Schoenus very near fuscus but seed differs — X 393 Stipa I think new — melanocarpa might be its name. Persoon has 2 American Stipa virginica and avenacea. 394 X Comelina [Commelina] virginica L longifolia M. is here X 395 Ludwigia can not be according to description microcarpa. cf. jussioides. X 396 Ludwigia alternifolia L. 397 X Ophiorrhiza different from mitreota Swarz — folii ovatis — ovata or ovatifolia a good name 398 X Phlox carolina? X 399 Lobelia either Claytoniana or pallida 400 X Asclepias cinerea W. 401 Asclepias laurifolia Mich. 402 X Sison pusillum M. is it Daucus divaricatus Walter? 403 Gentiana ochroleuca or saponaria M. X 404 Hypoxis erecta L 405 Claytonia virg. [virginica] L. 406 X Alisma cordifolia [cordifolium], if the seeds agree — how are the seeds. 407 Euphorbia hypericifolia L. maculata Sprengel 408 Euphorbia corollata I think, we have it often floribus solitarius X 409 Lythrum lineare Mich. also from Cherokee, is it virgatum Walter? X 410 Prunus chicasa X 411 Prunus — if the leaves are as you have added them it is not pumila L. but nearer to X 412 Crataegus lucida 413 Rosa — 414 Nepeta virginica L? the flowers not quite so close as in my specimens and Michaux's fig.

X 415 Stachys differs from all our species 416 X} Lindernia brevipedum culata et long pedunculata 417 X} or dilatata and attenuata 2 spec. 418 Gratiola acuminata Walter — ? also a Lindenia? X 419 Lepidium virg. [virginicum] L. 420 Polygala X 421 Polygala cruciata L 422 X Phaseolus perennis 423 X Glycine peduncularis, leaves more veiny and 3 nerv. then other specim. X 424 Chrysocoma nudata M 425 Liatris X 426 Liatris tomentosa? X 427 Liatris graminifolia Willd. 428 Vernonia angustifolia 429 Sonchus not acum [acuminatus] — a cospecies of asper — common in Virg. and Delaw. cf. carolinianus W. 430 Eupatorium maculatum? 431 Solidago not patula, a Stragling leaf was arguta quaer. did it belong to the specimen? 432 Solidago. Nn. I wish and older specimen. 433 Erigeron canadensis varies very much in size from 3 inches to be 6 feet 434 X Bacharis [Baccharis] sessiliflora 435 Syngenus not to be distinguished with out seed 436 Coreopsis Nn. 437 Coreopsis near lanc. 438 Orchis psycodes L. cristata M. 439 Orchis ciliaris 440 Var. — ≠ has one white flower? X 441 Smilax lanceolata, is berry black or red? 442 Very curious — can it be Allionia alba Walt.? I think it has 5 Stam. X 443 Hedysarum near my oblongitotium also from Delaware — our plant very veiny leaved 444 Hedysarum frutescens Willd Lespedeza capitata Mich. 445 Hedysarum violaceum L 446 Hedysarum bracteosum M. cuspidatum Willd. X 447 Hedysarum also from Delaware, ae the leaves thick enough for the name coriaceum? 448 Ipomoea lacunosa L. variet purpur. [purpurea]? we have the white var. 449 Andropogon nutans L 450 X Hypericum axillare Mich. petiolatum Walter 451 Mentha viridis L 452 X Cyperus erythrorhizos mihi I suppose strigosus Mich not L. Is root 453 Cyperus gracilis mihi 454 X Verbesina coreopsis M. Coreopsis alternifolia L 455 X Coreopsis mitis M. 456 X Ludwigia mollis M. 457 Aster — in McMahon' Garden who calls it grandiflorus 458 X Urtica urens L X 459 Scutellaria pilosa M — my elliptica hardly different — ovalifolia Persoon 460 Scirpus puberulus Mich. var. ferruginea 461 Hedysarum frutescens L. var. 444. at least we have 2 Varr. 463 Quercus catesbaei of Mich. exactly 464 Quercus falcata Mich. elongata Willd

465 Quercus var. aquatica? 466 Salvia new to me X 467 Ludwigia angustifolia Mich 468 Liatris graminifolia without number and Juncus bufonius 469 Prunus very near to 411. in leaves, without flower. Does it differ from our common wild Plumb, which I take to be nigra Ait.

The Cryptogamia I have also looked over, some I know, a number are new to me. As I send the Prodromus of Acharius you will be a better judge to compare him with more perfect specimens 84 Lichen without fr. jubatus or barbatus 85 L. rangiferini var 86 L. rangiferinus 87 L. lubiformis Lightfoot 88 L. fastigiatus 89 L. speciosus and canadensis initium 90 L. herbaceous? 91 L. liliaceus 92 L. glaucus? imperfect. 93 L. obsessus? — imperf. 94 L. perforatus 95 Opegrapha denigrata 96 Lichen scriptus L. 97 nothing to be seen but a black line 98 Lichen aipolius 99 Lichen subfuscus 100 Parmelia punicea Smith? 101 the same 102 — Nn. pretty 103 L. parellus? 104 L. parellus L 105 Nn 106 Lichen cerinus? 107 Parmelia effusa or L. salignus Schrader 108 L. fagineus 109 L. fagineus? 110 L. pertusus? 111 L. parasinus 112 vix Lichen 113 Sphaeria nitida? 114 Sphaeria macula? 115 L. pertusus now Porina A. 116 an idem? 117 — — 118 Sphaeria 119 fungus 120 fungus 121 Sphaeria, Opegraphe et Lichen 100 122 Sphaeria 123 Sphaeria 124 fungus 125 Lycoperdon 126 L. candelaris 127 Endocarpon Lachnum 128 L. fastigiatus 129 L. perforatus 130 Lichen aipotius ut 98 131 id. 132 L. petrusus 133 L. cinerea fusca Hoffm? ]

Receive my best wishes for your health and prosperity and believe me to be with unchangeable esteem and friendship Sir Your most obedient servant & Sincere friend H. Muhlenberg.

P.S. Have you heard anything of my excellent friend D. Baldwin since?

22. June 1812 Phan. 47 — 514 Crypt. 134 — [14]8

[postmark] 25 LANCAR.P PAID JUN 23 Stephen Elliott Esq. {Esquire} at Beaufort S. {South} Carolina franco

Lancaster Jun 22, 1812

My dear Sir

I had the pleasure to receive your last packet by Mr. Merkel on a visit in Philadelphia together with 2 bundles of cryptogamous plants from Doctors Baldwin and Boyken from Milledgeville in Georgia. These kept me pretty well engaged with a number of plants I had gathered on the same visit in the Jersies, at McMahons botanic garden and from the herbarium of an excellent naturalist Mr. Zacchaeus Collins at Philadelphia.

Just when I had looked over your packet and I was preparing an answer your instructive letter from Savanna Jun 9. arrived and was very wellcome. Probably you will find at Beaufort not only my acknowledgement of your former packet with my observations, but also n. 400—500, Cryptog. n. 151—168. which went from Philadelphia by vessel to Charleston April 14, 1812, the letter was sent by mail April 12.

When ever you go to Georgia again pray inform me of the time and whether I shall address to Savanna the letters I write to you. Ars longa vita brevis is the old and true saying and I sincerely wish our correspondence may be uninterrupted.

You put several queries to me concerning plants I had from our mutual friend D. Brickell and Mr. Enslen. I have looked over my journals and find short notices of Sept. 4, 1804. [78. Helianthemum NS. ramuliflorum Mich. 92. Aira pallens the same with Schrebers navicularis probably a variety of your N. 24 and 218 Avena palustris Mich. with out awns. 108. Scutellaria indica B. my elliptica, or your 508. 106. Erigeron acre B. nudicaulis M 148. Carex panicea B. near flacca verrucosa Schkuhr your N. 215. 162. Malope or Malva flor. caerul. folius trifidis from Enslin — Specimen imperfectum 169. Cistus angustifol. Helianthemum carolinianum 154.Scirpus mucronulatus Jan. 4. 1805. 3. Vaccinium sempervirens Br. myrsinites Mich. 7. Cyperus uniflorus Br. gracilis mihi maculatus Elliot 453 9. Aristida americana, panicula cortracta n. 360 E. 12. Phalaris like Stipa diffusa is Andropogon ambiguus Mich. 30. Panicum uniflorum now my pungens n. 355, E 26. Cyperus culmo palmari — is new to me, specimen very bad Ludwigia cartaligenea B. is capitata Mich. April 22, 1805 Malope foliis trifidis ut supra Orchis aphylla Br. gracilis mihi it has 1 or 2 folia cordata. Jan 1806 Cynosurus virgatus aff. is Eleusine filiformis Apr. 10, 1806 9. Cyperus canaliculatus, probably flavicomus 15. Panicum flexuosum Br. paniculas ramis verticillatus flexuosis 14. Cyperus stoloniferus Br. — Specimen too bad 45. Polygonum cordifolium, is hardly different from orientale 71. Carex polygama, buxbaumii Willd. Ruellia lactea Br. is your n. 305 Ophrys cordata — convallarioides Willd. Sept. 10, 1806. Glycine — H. Ensling had it also, it dies in winter with us, probably a variety of Phaseolus helvotus Mich March 22, 1808 I suppose Enslin had mixed 2 plants, the flower was Ascyrum, the plant entirely monnieria amplexcaulis Mich. I had the plant living a short time in my garden but the soil was too dry.]

How imperfectly can we judge from dried specimens only! I now make a trial of naming the plants in your last packet and beg you to correct, whatever you think is wrong. When you send plants not yet described pray send if possible two specimens, one to be analyzed the other to be laid in the herbarium. Uniques I am afraid to touch often — but to the purpose :

[fold]470 Gratiola virginica. How nearly Gratiola and Lindernia aree allied! x 471 Tripterella, I prefer caerulea — the capitata I have from N Car. 472 Comelina [Commelina] different fr. 2 others here the virg. [virginica] L. and caroliniana Willd. — it is near communis 473 Cyperus phymatodes Willd. MS. 474 Cyperus erythrorhizos mihi, the same as n. 452, is it the strigosus Mich. nec Linn? x 475 Scirpus I think NS. 476 Scirpus growing with us, near palustris 477 Fuirena, how does it differ from squarrosa n. 367? x 478 Panicum, which I see for the first time, unique. 479 Panicum mihi strigosum, very different from capillare 480 Panicum grossario [grossarium] affine I had from Enslin 481 Panicum, I doubt between scoparium and pubescens Mich. I had it before, also in the Jersies x 482 Paspalum paniculatum Walter comes nearer then membr. [membranaceum]not panic Gaertner, mucronatum x 483 Specimen without perfect spiculae, new to me, no Panicum 484 [Ce]ntunculus, I can not distinguish from a specimen of minimus Wild. x 485 [loss] probably Ammi different in size from capillaceum, and majus x 486 Specimen too imperfect, flower of a new Asclepias — nectariis inflexis S. arcuatis 487 Juncus near acutus 488 Juncus variety of tenuis, we have both varieties. 489 Euphorbia probably the same which D. Baldwin found with a red flower Mart 28. NS. x 490 Crataegus hardly the real punctata. 491 [?]pila virginica L. 492 the same — Pycnanthemum aristatum Mich. 493 Trifolium repens L. a native 494 Trifolium reflexum L. x 495 new Aster — I took it for an Inula, but to colour of radius is gone, liatroides 496 Betula nigra L. lanulosa Mich 497 Carex — Seems to me something different from folliculata L. has it not some time a lower very long peduncle? x 498 Ilex angustifolia Willd? according to his description in Hort. Berol 499 Ilex angustifolia Duhamel, ligustrina W Hamilton, myrtifolia Mich. Am I right? 500 Prinos ambiguus x 501 Juglans aquatica Mich. fil? new to me. Has it a bitter fruit? 502 Sisymbrium amphibium L. 503 Lobelia inflata L. 504 Holcus lanatus L 505 Stellaria pubera Mich. Your 292 I found lately. I think it to be Stellaria alsine 506 Saxifraga vernalis Willd — nivalis L. but different from the European nivalis 507 Mimulus ringens, very common here 508 Scutellaria elliptica mihi, ovalifolia Persoon very little different from pilosa M. 509 Ranunculus hirtus Willd MS — hispidus Mich. 510 Oenothera fruticosa L. my 475 511 Polygala incarnata L 512 Polygala verticillata L very common a, white flower b, reddsih fl. 513 Cynoglossum officinale L my 436 514 Rhus aromaticum [aromatica] —

I mark such as were new to me and I wish to have again for closer examination with [f?] To D. Baldwin at St. marys I write a letter in answer to his different packets he sent from Charleston and Savanna. The later were chiefly Cryptogama, some are new and have no name as yet, some you sent already in your former and last packet — Here I will add your last numbers x134 — only one flower without a peristomen, uncertain what it is. 135 Neckera heteromalla Hedw 136 Pterigynandrum hirtellum H. 137 Neckera seductrix H

x 138 Trematodon Mich. certainly Dieranum [Dierama] ambiguum Hedw, although Mx [?enus] it. 139 Bryum argenteum 140 Mnium caespiticium 141 Mnium bicolor 142 Funaria? Specimen too young 143 Funaria muhlenbergii Hedw. 144 Webera nutans Hedw x 145 Bartramia radicalis Beauvois, longifolia Mich 146 Leskea, sent already 147 Hypnum tenax Hedw? 148 Clavaria cornicul. [corniculata] affin. ] From Doctor Baldwin I expect much. He is indefatigable. If he only keeps his health and returns is safety. He praises D. Boyken at Milledge Ville a [loss] Mr. Persoon has written to me lately from Paris, that our D. Barton [loss] him to publish in a short time a Flora Caroliniana! I am sure [text loss] is more capable to do that then yourself, do not let us want too [loss] A travelling friend related to me the numerous cures a certain Georgia [loss] made at the Mississippi and all over the country. The plant is known [loss] by the name of black root, pray what is it? Can it be a Collinsonia [loss] only the canadensis a very valuable plant — I wish to see the praecox [loss]

Hardly can I ever venture from Lancaster, else I would accept of [loss] ly offer and visit you at Beaufort — In spirit I am often with you [loss] Since war is declared between the U.S. and Great Britain I am afraid [loss] ding of packets will be unsafe, o let not our land — correpsondence be [loss] I shall do my best to send whatever I can do.

With unchangeable esteem and my best respects to Mrs. Elliot I remain dear Sir Your most obedient servant and [loss] Sincere friend Henry Muhlenberg.

P.S There is a little room. I may add what I have done since my last letter [loss] 1, I have seen a collection of Natchez plants from Mr. Henry Moore, among them were [loss] Hopea tinctoria, yellow dye Illicium floridanum Stinking Bush, Hydrophyllum pumilus NS, La[loss] cirrhis diphyllis pumilus, NS Pachysandra, Rosa NS — Melia, 2 species 2. I had the pleasure of a visit from an 'excellent' botanist Corria de Serra [Correia da Serra] from Portu[gal] who is come from Paris and a very scientific gentleman, with whom I [overtu?] [loss] my herbarium. I have seen him since in Philadelphia. 4. Several letters came from D. Baldwin in one was a calendarium from Febr. 21 till Mar. [loss] the difference between Flint River and Lancaster is very great, commonly 2 months. 5. At last an answer from Professor Peck in Massachusets, he sent plants from the Wh[ite] Mountains in N Hampshire, Enpetrum nigrum, Diapensia lapponica, Andromeda caerulea [loss] a procumbent Salix, Azalea lapponica 6. Letters from Persoon mentioning that Mr. Bosk has described in the Berlin Transactions a number of our Phalli, Clathri, Lycoperdon, Peziza 7. Mr. Ellicot has returned and brought of minerals plenty especially from Table Mountain granit [granite], amphilolit [Amphibolite] — Table Mountain is 1600 feet above Saluda and a spur of the Blue Ridge. 8. a journey to Carlisle — Professor Cooper has an excellent collection of American and other Minerals which he shows and explains with pleasure. Nothing of botany in Dickinson College. 9. Journey to Philadelpha. Zacch. Collins. a warm friend to botany, a real Elliot was communicative, went with me to the Jersies and McMahon, the Schulkil [Schuylkill] Falls — [loss] the Jersies Aira praecox L. for the first time, Prinos laevigatus and some southern plants. Mr. Pratts garden in excellent order rich in exotics chiefly for the stomach — Lyons in England, W. Hamilton incapable of conversation and dead for the publick — D. Barton not willing to be seen — McMahon's botanical garden a real acquisition to our country. 10. a number of Cherokee and Mississippi plant have vegetated in my garden where I may expect to find something new, on my excursions in the neighborhood of Lancaster I find nothing new for me. 11. I have seen Michauxs continuation of Forest Trees — new to me are Quercus oliviformis, Juglans aquatica Water bitternut Hickory from the southward, Juglans myristiciformis fr. Charles T. Betual lutea, 12, I have seen Willdenows filices, nothing new to me from America, his Azolla caroliniana I had from the northern lakes. How glad I would be to have an extract of your discourses and observations. ut supra