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Orthobares, which is in the eastern part, and runs into the
western sea. The second of these four rivers
is called Gron [see note] or Nilus. This river goes under
the earth via a hole in the ground and runs underground, and
then it resurfaces in the long sea that surrounds
Ethiopia, exiting it in seven parts and
flowing through Egypt until it reaches the
Great Sea. The other two rivers, one of which
is called Tigris and the other Eufrates, have their source in
Hermenie [Armenia] near a very large mountain
that is called Parthoacus. These two rivers
pass through many great countries until they
reach the Middle Sea, into which they both empty,
as their natures require. All around the terrestrial
Paradise there are many places that
cannot be reached again, because no one
can live there nor find a place to live. Instead, there
are many evil beasts there, in many forms, savage
and violent. There are giants
and hairy men there, who devour everything

Notes and Questions

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Marie Richards

original ms. Folio 45v
Walters ms. Folio 50v
BL Royal MS 19 A IX fols 51r-v
Caxton, ed. Prior, pp. 68-69
Gossuin, ed. Prior, 109-110

Marie Richards

Line 3: "Gron." Both this ms. and the BL ms. have Gron, but Caxton misread the BL ms. as Gion.

Marie Richards

last line: BL ms. has "demeurent," vice "deuenrent" here. Appears to be scribal error in this ms., but I have taken it as written, as a variant of "devorent," (cf. DMF). So: "devour and eat," which I have shortened to just "devour."