Sanitary medicine, exercise folio : a note Oct. 25, 1892 to Mar. 10, 1893

37

Malignant Pustule--

The swellings are at first hard, and warm, circumscribed and afterwards become soft and doughy to the touch. The period of duration being from 5 to 7 days. In this form of Anthrax a cure may be effected. Sores may occur in places far from the seat of innoculation.

When tumors occur in the mouth [illegible] disease is known as gloss anthrax when in the larynx or pharynx as . They are rarely seen in the rectum, but when it does, it causes severe straining and death follows in 12 or 24 hrs. Cattle most frequently die of Anthrax fever or Splenic Apoplexy, less frequently of the carbuncular form. Sheep most commonly of the apoplectic form

38

Diagnosis of Anthrax--

Finding the bacillus sure one. It differs from that of Malignant Oedema in that it is not so motile. The M. Oedema germ is longer and has rounded ends.

The Bl'k [Black] quarter germ may also coexist but it is shorter thicker & has rounded ends and is anaerobic

The location of an animal will help in the diagnosis. The terperature runs much higher than in any other pulmonary disease Prognosis --

In the apoplectic form all die Other forms average from 70 to 80%

39

Treatment Prophylactic treatmentis the most important. The carcasses must be destroyed by burning, steaming or be buried at least 6 ft deep and the buildings and effected places thoroughly disinfected. The most satisfactory disinfectant being corrosublimate 1:1000 which is strong enough to destory spores.

Wet land should be drained and animals kept away from the effected localities. When an outbreak occurs the animals should be moved at least a mile if possible

Creoline in 2 to 4 [illegible] doses is recommended Sol. corros. sub 1 to 10,000 hypodermically near the swelling, or a sol of Iodine as follows. Iodine 30 pts. [illegible]. Pot. 30 pts. [illegible] [illegible] 360 pts

40

In the sub acute form calosnel proves beneficial in small doses Local tumors should be crucially & deeply incised and washed with carbolic acid or cleoline [illegible].

It has been proposed to innoculate all animals at an outbreak with the bacillus of erysipelas which is said to be antagonistic to the bacillus anthracis.

Protective innoculation procures immunity for one year. Some animals have a natural immunity, the Algerian sheep being one so favored, except by innoculation of of large and strong doses.

Horses are with difficulty [illegible] immune. Sheep and cattle attain a very marked immunity but it does not last more than a year

French writers recommend the innoculation of sheep while German

41

writers condemn it because about 15% of those inoculated died because of the virus being of unequal strength

Inoculation in cattle is much more profitable. Methods of using Pasteur's virus ! -The bottle not to be opened until ready for use. A syringe holding one gram [illegible] and divided into eight spaces should be used. Fill the syringe and inject one space under the skin inside the hind leg of sheep, wait [illegible] days and inject another space.

In cattle inject 2 spaces behind the shoulder. Pregnant cows [illegible] being omitted