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TRENCH AND CAMP
[A long, narrow illustration runs the length of the left side of the page. At the top is a group of buildings, an American flag on top of one. Several soldiers are marching, with what appear to be rifles. Below that, there is an explosion in the sky. There are a few trees and a truck driving along a road. In front is a wagon that says "U.S." and an explosion in front. Below that, a soldier stands in front of a large pot over a fire, stirring what's inside the pot.]
COMPARISON OF BULLETS USED BY ALLIES AND HUNS
France is the only nation whose soldiers shoot solid copper bullets from their rifles. All the other nations are using lead bullets.
The French polus are armed with Level rifles. The cartridges, which have no jackets, measure .315 of an inch in diameter. The bullet weighs 197 grams. Its muzzle velocity is 2,- 296 feet per second and its muzzle energy 2305 foot-pounds.
The German soldiers carry Mauser rifles which shoot cartidges measuring .311 of an inch in diameter, and weighing 154 grams. The lead bullet has a ferro nickel jacket. Its muzzle velocity is 2,915 feet per second and muzzle energy 3,018 foot-pounds.
The Enfield rifle used by the British fires a bullet .303 of an inch in diameter, weighing 174 grams, having a muzzle velocity of 2,450 feet per second and muzle eneregy of 2,- 320 foot-pounds. the lead bullet is encased in a ferro nickel jacket.
The Springfield used by the American soldiers fires a bullet .300 of an inch in diameter, weighing 150 grams. The lead bullet has a cupro nickel jacket. The muzzle velocity is 2,700 feet per second and the muzzle energy 2,445 foot pounds.
Propelled by approximately fifty grains of smokeless powder, the German bullet is hte most powerful at short range, but beyond 500 yards it is not as effective as the bullets used by America and her Allies.
USING SILVER STARS
With the consent of the judge advocate of the General Department, U. S. A., silver stars are now being used on service flags in the West to designate soldiers who have seen service in France and been invalided home. In replying to an inquiry as to whether or not it would be proper to use the silver star, which he approved, the judge advocate took occasion to say: "You understand that the service flag is not official, but it is in general use, and the flying of it is encouraged. Unfortunately i has been patented by private parties. The matter of having an official service flag not so controlled is under consideration by Congress."
[ Heading spanning 3 columns] Medals And Insignia Authorized For U.S. Soldiers In France, With Army Rules And Regulations Governing Their Bestowal
[Column 1 continued] General Orders, No. 6.
War Department, Washington, January 12, 1918. 1. By direction of hte President the following decorations and insignia are authorized:
(A) DISTINUISHED-SERVICE CROSS.
A bronze cross of appropriate design and a ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof, to be awarded by the President, or in the name of the President, by the commanding general of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe to any person who, while serving in any capactiy with the Army, shall hereafter distinguish himself or herself, or who, since April 6, 1917, has distinguished himself or herself, by extraordinary herosim in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United States under circumstances which do not justify the award of the medal of honor.
Service Medal and Cheverons
(B) DISTINGUISHED-SERVICE MEDAL.
A bronze medal of appropriate design, and a ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof, to be awarede by the President to any person who, while serving in any capacity with teh Army, shall shereafter distinguish himself or herself, or who, since April 6, 1917, has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility in time of war or in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United States.
(C) WAR-SERVICE CHEVRONS.
A gold chevron of standard material and design, to be worn on the lower half of the left sleeve of all uniform coats, except fatigue coats, by each officer and enlisted man who has served six months in the zone of the advance in the war, and an additional chevron for each six months of similar service thereafter. Officers and enlisted men of the Aviation Service on combatlying duty in Europe will be credited for the war-service chevron with the time they [?]ay be on duty.
The Wound Chevron
(D) WOUND CHEVRONS.
A gold chevron of pattern identical with that o fthe war-service chevron, to be worn on the lower half of the right sleve of all unifom coats, except fatigue coats, by each officer and enlisted man who has received, or who may hereafter receive, a wound in action with the enemy which necessitates treatment by a medical officer, and an additional chevron for each additional wound; but not more than one chevron will be worn for two or more wounds receibed at the same time. Diablement by gas necessitating treatment by a medical officer shall be considered to be a wound within the meaning of this order.
Medals of Honor in France
2. During the present emergency, whenever a recommendation for the award of the medal of honor reaches the commanding general of the American Expditionary Forces in Europe, he is authorized to cable his recommendation for immediate action and to hold the papers until a reply is
[Middle top of page spanning columns 2 & 3, depicted is lady liberty with soldiers on the battlefield in front with their backs to her] THE GIRL HE LEFT BEHIND
[Column 2] received. In the event [torn text] recommendation is approved, he will notes the action taken in his indorsement when forwarding the papers in the case and will present the medal to the recipient as the representative of the President, or will delegate a suitable officer to act in that capacity.
In any case where the person recommended for the award of the medal of honor is at the time of the recommendation apparently fatally wounded or so ill as to edanger his life, the commanding general of the Expeditionary Forces in Europe is authorized to act immediately upon the recommendation as the representative of the President, afterwards reporting his action by cable.
3. Whenever a recommendation for the award of the medal of honor is approved by cable, and whenever a report is received announcing the award of the distinguished service cross by the commanding general of the American Expeditionary Forves in Europe, and whenever the distinguished-service medal is awareded, such award, with a statement of the circumstances in each case, will be announced in general orders of the War Department by The Adjutant General of the Army without unnecessary delay.
May Be Posthumously Awarded
4. The distinguished-service cross and the distinguished-service medal may be awarded posthumously to persons killed in the performance of acts meriting such award or to persons whose death from any cause may have occurred prior to such award. The medal so awarded will be issued to the nearest relative of the deceased person.
5. No individual will be entitled to more than one distinguished service cross or one distinguished-service medal, but each additional citation in War Department orders for conduct or service that would warrant the award of either of these decorations will entitle the person so cited to wear upon the ribband of the decoration and upon the corresponding ribbon a bronze oak leaf of approved design, and the right to wear such oak leaf will be announced as a part of the citation. Other citations for gallantry in action published in orders issued from the headquarters of a force commanded by a general officer will be indicated in each case by a silver star three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter worn upon the ribband of the distinguished-service cross and upon the corresponding ribbon.
Forwarding of Recommendations
6. Recommendations for the award of the distinguished-service medal will be forwarded to The Adjutant General of the Army through regular channels.
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SERGEANT SKIPS A GENERATION
One of the sergeants in a divisional area was boosting Government Insurance the other day. He was urging every soldier, no matter how he was "fixed," to sign up for a policy.
"It will be just the thing for your children," he urged. "If you haven't any children, it will come in handy for your grand-children."
7. When an officer or enlisted man is admitted to a hospital for treatment of a wound, or when an officer or enlisted man is treaded for a wound without being admitted to a hospital, the commanding officer of the hospital, or, in the latter case, the medical officer who treats the wound, will furnish the commanding officer of the wounded person with a certificate describing briefly the nature of the wound and certifying to the necessity of the treatment. This information may be furnished to commanders of higher units in the form of certified lists, and will be transmitted by them to the commanding oficers concerned.
8. Commanding officers will forward to The Adjutant General of the Army, through military cannels, lists in duplicate of those officers and enlisted men of their commands who have been honorably wounded in action, with a statement in the case of each individual, showing time and place wounds were received and organization in which they were then serving. Whenever a report is made of an action, it will be accompanied by the above-described list, and by certified copies of the medical officers' statements described in paragraph 7.
Granting Rights to Wear
9. Upon receipt of lists of wounded the commanding general of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europeis authorized too grant the right to wear the wound chevron to the persons concerned, and he will note his action by indorsement in forwarding the papers.
10. The right to wear the wound chevron shall be confined to these who are authorized to do so by letter from The Adjutant General of the Army of from the commanding general of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe.
11. The war-service chevron and th wound chevron shall be as described in paragraphs 13 1/2 and 84 1/2, Special Regulations No. 42 (Uniform Specifications) (see Changes No. 2) ; will be worn as described in paragraph 74 1/2, Special Regulations No. 41 (Uniform Regulations) (see Changes No. 2.) ; and will be furnished as directed in subparagraph 6 of paragraph 66, Compilation of General Orders, Circulars, and Bulletins, War Department, 1881-1915.
Verifying Rights To Wear
12. Requests for the issue of purchase of these chevrons will be accompanied by a list o fthe persons for whom they are desired, for the information of the commanding officer who authorizes the issue. The officer, before approving a requisition or a purchase, will verify the right of the persons concerned to wear the chevrons requested. Requests for authority to wear the wound chevron on account of wounds received prior to the present war will be forwarded with all available evidene to The Adjutant General of the Army for verification through the War Department records and appropriate action.
13. Section XI, General Orders, No. 134, War Department, 1917, is rescinded. (210.5, A. G. O.) By order of the secretary of War: John Biddle, Major General, Acting Chif of Staff. Official: H. P. McCain, The Adjutant General
[Column 4]
DISCIPLINE WILL WIN THE WAR, SAYS BRITISH OFFICER
Nearly every officer in Camp Wadsworth, including the 500 young men of the officers' training school, heard a lecture by Lieut.-Col. George Applin, of the 14th Hussars, British army.
The vast auditorium of Converse College was filled when Maj.-Gen. O'Ryan introduced the speaker. But many officers had arrived late.
Col. Applin looked at his watch as he faced the audience. "It is now four and a half minutes aften ten o'clock," he said. "If, when you get over yonder, you are ordered to go over the op and you start four and a half minutes behind the appointed time, you will be wiped off the face of the earth. It is much easier to go to a lecture than it is to go over the top. If you can't get o a lecture on time, what is going to happen to you when you get orders to go over the top at a certain hour?
"The old adage that time is money no longer applies. Time is life. It is human life. And every day that we delay here is costing lives over yonder. Every day that the people of America delay backing up the army that the have sent across, means the loss of lives in that army.
"We have come over here to help you, if we can. We want to help and advise with you, so that you may avoid the mistakes that we made, the mistakes that the French Made, so that you will not have to pay the price that we paid.
"There never has been such a war as this. In the summer of 1914 the Germans had the most perfect war machine the world had ever seen. It was not merely an army; it was a whole nation. It was organized and disciplined. There was not only intelligent direction, but there was absolute obedience to order all along the line. I say it was the most perfect war machine the world had ever seen, andit was. You notive that I use the past tense. For it is no longer the most perfect. We have just as good discipline, it is even better. We do the same things Germans do, and do them just as well, only we do them quicker. That is the advantage we have, and will keep. And it is the thing you must do, if you are to be effective in this war.
"The Germans' disciplin is that of brute force, but there is another and better kind of discipline. It is the discipline of democracy. It is founded on mutual confidence and respect between officers and men. The British army has it, the French army has it. I don't know just how we got it, but we've got it.
"Discipline and efficiency mean the same thing. Or putting it differently, discipline is the instant and willing obedience to every order, and in the absence of an order to what you believe that order would have been. The obedience must be instantaneous, and it must be willing. Tardy ovedience is not discipline, and it can never bring efficiency. Discipline, instant and willingly discipline, is a means to protection of life, and that is a thing we are striving for as we go along.
"The man who will win this war," the spearker continued, "will not be the officer who gives the commands, but the officer who executes them. THis applies to every officer, of every rank, on down to the platoon commander. Discipline, prompt and willing obedience to orders, rests with equal force upon all of us.
"And let me tell you, you can never lead men unless you have trained them. It is a great privilege you young officers have of training men. You must make them resepct you and love you if you woul dget the full measure of discipline, and you can do that if ou try. Begin by respecting and loving your men, and observing a rigid discipline of yourself, and it won't be long until you will find them responding to you. They will give you just as much as you give them and more. Would you know the secret of command, I will give it to you, and I want you to memorize it and carry it with you always: "STRENGTH OF CHARACTER, MULTIPLIED BY DETERMINATION, PLUS TACT, EQUALS POWER TO COMMAND."
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President's Daughter Sings To Soldiers
Miss Margaret Wilson, the President's talented and charming daughter, has captivated all the audiences of soldiers before whom she has sung, and there is every reason for believing that she will be accorded an equally enthusiastic reception at all the other camps and cantonments in which she is soon to appear.
Miss Wilson recently announced her intention of going to France to sing to the American soldiers there.
Miss Wilson is making a tour of the camps and cantonments to sing for the soldiers under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A. She is paying her own expenses. Before starting on the tour she gave several concerts in large cities to raise money with which to make the trip as far South as Texas and as far West as Colorado. She has been giving all the money taken in at her concerts to charity or to war work, but she wanted to make the tour of the camps at her own expense as a contribution to war work more personal than the mere handing over of money.
Her first concert was given at Fort Totten, near Whitestone Landing, Long Island, New York."
"I'm awfully glad to see you," she said, smiling down into the faces of 500 enlisted men. This is the first audience I've ever had composed entirely of men, and I like it. I never had any doubt of what sort of soldiers you would be over in France, but now that I have seen you, I feel surer than ever that you and your brethren in the other camps will make the best fighters 'Over There.'"
Deafening applause greeted this statement and the soldiers made the rafters of the Y. M. C. A. auditorium ring when she sang plantation melodies and French love songs. They joined her in the singing of "Over There" and "The Star Spangled Banner." At camps and cantonments where she subsequently appeared she was tendered a similar ovation.
Miss Wilson's tentative itinerary calls for her appearance at Camp Doniphan, Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, on April 1; Camp Bowie, Ft. Worth, Texas, April 3; Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas, April 7 and 8; Camp Travis and other camps near San Antonio, from April 14 to April 19.
[headline spans columns 1 and 2] THE NEXT GENERATION By H. ADDINGTON BRUCE
He still was a young man, but he looked haggard and old in the clear light of his sun-flooded living-room. All about him were evidences of wealth and culture. His roving, restless gaze swept swiftly over the books and art treasures with which the room was filled.
A moment more and an expression of infinite sadness came into his eyes. He was looking now at the figure of a small boy, his only child, who stood at a window watching some spring birds flitting among the branches of a nearby tree.
The boy, as though sensing that his father's gaze had focussed on him, turned uneasily toward the desk at which his father was seated. His face was strangely impassive, flat, dull, almost wooden.
"It's all right, Jack, it's all right," the father forced a smile. But beneath the desk his hands trembled. He knew it was not all right, and that it never would be all right.
Staring up at him, from the mahogany surface of the desk, was a sheet of typewritten paper. It had come to him a scant hour earlier, and was the report of a famous specialist in children's diseases. It begins:
"I regret to have to inform you that your son is subnormal mentally. For various reasons I fear it will be impossible to effect any appreciable improvement in his mental condition."
Then followed sundry medical phrases, which brought back to the sorrowing father a vivid memorypicture of an episode of ten years before.
He was not married at that time. Like many another young man he had been "seeing life" in a wild, undisciplined fashion. And one day he had found it necessary to consult a doctor.
The doctor was brutally frank with him
You have contracted syphilis," he told him. "You will have to pay a heavy price for the way you have been living. Look to it that you cause no innocent person to suffer.
"Until you have been cured by rigorous treatment--and that will not be inside of two years--you must not [continued on bottom half of column 2]
U.S. Soldiers To Work Gardens In France
"Lift up those clod hoppers of yours, you big farmer. Whaddeya think you're doing, plowing a field?"
This type of agricultural rebuke by exacting drill sergeants will be out of order among American soldiers in France this spring and summer and for all the other springs and summers it may be necessary to keep the boys in khaki "Over There." The man who shows an aptitude for handling the hoe or the plow will be quite as valuable as the sharpshooter and expert marksman, for the United States is going into the gardening business behind the lines overseas.
While the government will continue to send beef, pork, other meats, the ingredients for making bread, jams and a great variety of other edibles across the ocean to the boys, they will be required to raise their own "sass" or green vegetables. It is impracticable to send these perishables overseas. And then again, the soldiers will have lots of spare time while waiting for orders to serve their hitch in the trenches. This time can profitably be spent in gardening.
Last year the French army established garden patches in the training areas and in the more quiet spots back of the lines and raised enough vegetables to supply 200,000 men during the season.
The United States army has embarked upon a similar enterprise. A captain, son of a former professor in botany in the University of Chicago, has been appointed head of the American Army Garden Service. He has purchased thousands of vegetable sprouts from the owners of French hothouses and is recruiting a force of gardeners from the ranks on a basis of ten men with agricultural experience out of every 10,000 American soldiers "Over There." An officer will be designated at each camp who will be responsible for the production of vegetables. When one unit moves another will take its place and continue the gardening.
If you like highbrow vegetables, such as artichoke, cauliflower, romaine, okra, asparagus, etc., you'll have to pack a few seeds or sprouts over the pond with you, for they are not on the army menu.
[continued from bottom of column 1] think of marrying. For your wife would be in danger, and so would any children she might have."
Recklessly he had disregarded this advice. Seemingly recovering quickly, he had entirely ceased treatment within a few months. Then he had married. There had been a child.
He looked again at the squat, unshapely, wooden-faced boy in the window, and groaned inwardly. There flashed into his mind, with new and bitter force, a sentence from the Bible:
"I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation."
A mental crippling for life! That was the fate his vicious pleasurehunting had brought upon the son unborn in those wild days.
Just as this father penalized the next generation, so may you penalize it through lustful indiscretion in the years of your youth. The hereditary effects of syphilis are dire indeed.
"Of children under fifteen years constituting social problems," I quote a Massachusetts authority, "the congenital syphilitics constitute the more serious problems.
"Among them there are more cases of backwardness in school, there is more feeble-mindedness, there are more defects in the mental processes, there are more delinquencies, there are more defects in vision, hearing, and speech."
And, says a physician of the famous Mayo Clinic in Minnesota:
"Hereditarily syphilitic children are filled with the spirochetes, the germs of the disease. They are in every tissue and organ; the child is literally riddled with them."
You are perhaps willing to "take chances" as regards your own health. You are intent on "having your fling," be the consequences to you what they may.
But think of the possible consequences to the woman you will marry. Think of the consequences to the children she may bring into the world.
Think of these things, and take the one safe course. Steer clear of those who would lure you to forget the teachings of morality.
[headline spans columns 3 and 4] Camp Travis Challenges The World And Let World Choose Its Weapons By W. W. PIGUE (Editor Camp Travis edition of Trench and Camp)
It is to laugh! With the government and newspapers and all the big bugs howling for the conservation of white paper, the attempts of certain well-meaning fellows in other socalled camps and cantonments to justify a flood of written gab make a fellow in a regular camp feel like going out and hiring a Texas bronco to kick him just for the sheer joy of being alive.
For these fellows down here are from Texas, I gad suh, they're from Texas! Maybe Irvin Cobb or Shakespeare or somebody else from Michigan or N'Yawk did come down here and say we had "more cows and less milk, more rivers and less water, more sunshine and less need of it, and one could see further and see less than any other place on the globe." Maybe they did. But one Noah Webster says "creek" is commonly pronounced "crick." There's no accounting for what a Yankee will say.
Water Unnecessary
Maybe we haven't had any rain in two years, and maybe our cows are all bulls, and maybe the sun does shine on the unjust as well as the just, and maybe a calf does have to walk nine miles through grass up to his knees to get his breakfast, but what is this thing we are in, anyway? Is it war? or ping-pong? or tiddlediwinks? What's the use for water if the air is so pure one never wants a drink? What's the use for cows when our own Uncle Sam will cuddle us up and call us sweet things and beg us to raise more bulls?
Suppose our trees do get up and walk around over the landscape at night and have to be coaxed back into the ground next morning? Suppose they do? Camps and trees don't go together, noway, and all the woodsmen have to do to clear a piece of Texas ground is to stay up late on a windy evening and fill the holes so the trees can't find their way back home. Even the elements serve us.
Bill Taft (and certainly you'll take his word) came down here and gave us the double "o." He said our soldiers were months and months ahead of any in the camps visited by him, and he had seen many--even Yaphank and Custer and Oglethorpe. Only four days during the winter did the boys lay off from their drill, and then merely to kid themselves into believing it was real winter time. A man with winter underwear in Texas [continued in column 4]
Projectiles Used to Send Despatches Through Barrage
Projectiles are now being used for the transmission of urgent orders to troops in the front line trenches and also for sending important information to the rear in France. This new scheme of communication was adopted because of the destruction of telephone wires and laying down of curtains of fire through which dispatch bearers could not ride.
The officers in the front line trenches frequently come into possession of valuable information which should be rushed to headquarters. Barrage fire, however, frequently separates the men in the trenches from headquarters. It frequently happened that the commanding officer at headquarters wanted to communicate with officers in the trenches, but was unable to do so because no human being could live in the barrage fire and telephone wires were out of commission.
The new system of communication consists of shooting a projectile from a trench mortar. A box containing written information or new orders is placed in a cylinder about fifteen inches in length and an inch and a quarter in diameter. The cylinder and message box are put into a grenade thrower, which launches it like an aerial torpedo and speeds it to headquarters or the front line trenches.
HARMONICA OUSTS UKE
The War Department Commission on Training Camp Activities is organizing a harmonica band in every training camp and cantonment in the United States. The idea suggested itself because so many soldiers can play the harmonica, which is highbrow for mouth organ. Because of the fact that it can be stuck in the pocket and carried so easily, the harmonica has gotten the inside track on the ukelele, banjo, violin, mandolin and guitar, which are too cumbersome to be carried around from place to place.
[continued from middle of column 3] is considered an eccentric, or a newlyarrived Yankee too poor to buy B. V. D's.
The deliciously warm current that radiates from milady's arm is not absorbed by sombre yards of cloth and wasted on desert air, but rushes out to meet you filtered through a single strand of most fragrant silk. And the babies--it's a pleasure to hear them cry, for it's not often that they can find an excuse!
Athletics? Camp Travis challenges the world and will let the world choose its own weapons.
Music? When you get "Over There" keep your ear peeled for these singing Texans.
Highly Spiritualized
Religion? That's where we come strong, for it's easy to be good in Texas. And this is not mere guff, for a recent census taken at the instance of the War Department showed that out of 28,657 men only 518 had no church connections. Uncle Sam made these figures, and who's going to call Uncle Sam a prevaricator?
One cannot live through a Texas sunset and not see the handiwork of God. Men have lived and used buckets on buckets of precious paints and then died and gone on to their reward without reproducing this wonderful spectacle.
The beauties of heaven come down to the earth's edge and kiss old Sol to sleep. All the colors of the rainbow assemble and twine themselves into pictures of gold and silver and sapphire, and great cities and lands of joy and honey glisten in the Western sky as if to give the mortals below a peep into Paradise. The souls of Crockett and Travis hover over the great cantonment and one can all but hear them say, "Well done, thou good and faithful servants!"
Is it any wonder that to suggest a division of Texas is but to start a fight? Is it any wonder that one can travel hundreds and hundreds of miles and never see a graveyard? Is it any wonder that the bells never toll in sadness, but lift their silvery voices in song and praise? Is it any wonder that the men of this wonderful camp are filled and thrilled and set on fire at the chance to lay down their lives that their children and their children's children may have their share in this life of freedom and love and song?
I ask you.
"THE NEW SPIRIT OF THE NEW ARMY"
From Mukden to Mexico is a far cry, and yet that gap, wide as it is, which was spanned by the Y. M. C. A. in the Russo-Japanese War, and in our own Mexican troubles on the border two years ago, is only a small part of the circle that the Y. M. C. A. spans today. That circle stretches around the entire globe, all across Russia, in stricken Roumania, through Serbia, on the Western front, and across our own continent from ocean to ocean, this great work of the Y. M. C. A. is carried on, and that work typifies the driving force of our army.
A splendid interpretation of this spirit has been given by Joseph H. Odell, in a book entitled "The New Spirit of the New Army." This book is one that should be read, most of all, by the parents at home. It is not possible for all the parents to go to the front, or even go to the camps, but as far as may be, they will catch the idealism of the officers and of the men; they will hear through the thick night the bugles blow, and they will feel the thrill of the spirit that is making this colossal effort to crush out the devilishness of the Prussians.
Not only does Dr. Odell speak in this book of what is being done in our camps today, but he gives an extraordinarily interesting light on the activities of the Y. M. C. A. in the Russo-Japanese War, and the appeal that this Christian organization made to the Japanese nation and to its leading statesmen who at that time were not themselves followers of the Christian faith.
Of one thing we may be sure--that out of this war will come a newer spirit for and a new evaluation of Christianity than ever existed before.
HAVE YOU?
Good morning! Have you sent Trench and Camp home? If not, why not? If so "continue the exercise."
[Along the right side of the page is is a narrow strip of illustrations that runs the length of the page. First, a man stands in front of a bare tree, an ax in his hand. Below that, one cloud in the sky and an explosion along the tree line. There are some men riding a motorcycle and sidecar, with an additional explosion in front of them. At the bottom, Uncle Sam sits in front of a cannon.]
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TRENCH AND CAMP
[A series of illustrations run along the left side of the page, the length of the page. The illustration at the top shows a soldier waving two flags in semifore fashion. Below that is a disc in the air (possibly an explosion?), with a soldier carrying a rifle/bayonet, and other soldiers around him. The bottom illustration is of a soldier standing, holding a rifle.]
[headline and text span columns 1 and 2] TRENCH & CAMP Published weekly at the National Camps and Cantonments for the soldiers of the United States.
Room 504, Pulitzer Building National Headquarters New York City
JOHN STEWART BRYAN Chairman of Advisory Board of Co-operating Publishers
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[headline and subheaders span columns 1 and 2] "A FIRST CLASS SOLDIER" BY JAMES M. THOMSON Publisher of the New Orleans Item
A soldier's work is a man's work. The best men in America are the men in uniform. Next to these come the men who would like to be in uniform, and generally speaking the men in America who would not be willing to don their uniform and take a turn at it, provided they are fitted for a soldier's work by health, age and training, are not real Americans and are not worth very much.
For nearly twenty years I have been employing other people. I don't believe that there is one of these men who would not have been better off and a better man for a soldier's training. For military life teaches a man self respect, it teaches him to take orders and obey them and thus it fits him to give orders. The only man I think of just now who doesn't take orders and obey some one is the Kaiser, and if he lives long enough he will learn. Some folks profess to feel sorry for the boys who are going into the service and may have to face bullets [The truth?] of the matter is that every man who is worth his salt has a sneaking or open envy of them.
And all of us know that the fellow who is unwilling to stand up for a [continued in column 2]
[headline spans columns 1 and 2] THE HONOR OF THE AMERICAN ARMY
When that grim old warrior, General Chaffee, led the American troops in the China campaign, his attention was called to the fact that certain of the Allied troops were looting. Particularly was his attention called to the fact that astronomical instruments of great value had disappeared from an observatory.
With all the vigor he could summon, General Chaffee sent a protest to the field commander, a German general. Having been in the field with the German troops, the American commander probably thought the direct route was the best, although military etiquette demanded that the protest be addressed to the senior officer present.
It struck General Chaffee that it was scarcely consistent with the avowed ideals of the armies of the great powers that they should permit their men to pillage. But it was a new line of reasoning to the Hun commander, who very curtly acknowledged receipt of the protest and demanded to know why it had not been written in German.
Because of the international flavor to the incident, the authorities in Washington were compelled to administer a mild rebuke to General Chaffee, not because of the stand he had taken but because his righteous indignation had led him to such vigorous statement. But General Chaffee was rewarded later with the highest honors that could be bestowed by a grateful government, and among his prized possessions for the rest of his life was a letter from the then Vice-President Theodore Roosevelt telling him that the Republic would always be grateful to him, not alone for his achievements but for what the American soldiers had not been permitted to do.
When the indemnities were paid, the American nation showed that it counted some things far more pre[continued in column 2]
[continued from middle of column 1] good cause, fight and risk his life, if need be, is a poor sort of fellow, who is not fit to hold much of a job anywhere, so we look forward not only to the time when the men who are securing the benefit of army training will be in demand for places of responsibility in civil life, but toward the time when this training will fit many of them for taking over the conduct of the great affairs of the country.
The saying that "success needs no explanation" is not altogether true; but it is certainly true that the man in uniform has no explanation to make as to how he is serving his country. Most men who are not in uniform feel even now that some explanation is necessary.
In the army as elsewhere there is bound to be a difference among men. So a great deal depends on how good a record a man makes as a soldier. All of my life I have heard veterans of the Civil War use the expression in describing some man "and he was a first-class soldier." In the years to come that kind of a recommendation is going to determine the careers of hundreds of thousands of the men who are going to run America. And that is right. The men who are going to run this war right can run the country right.
[continued from bottom of column 1] cious than money. The amount awarded to the country was not placed in the coffers of the nation; but was held as a trust for the education of Chinese students at American universities.
These are two incidents in the military history of the United States of which we, the citizens, have reason to be proud.
In Flanders another chapter has been added.
We have gone to the relief of stricken France. We have pledged all that we have and are. In fulfilment of our pledge we have placed a great army in the country of our Ally. We have ruined fields by our military operation; have occupied houses; have razed forests--all this, mind you, in behalf of France.
The fields were owned by individual farmers; so were the houses and so, too, were the forests. The fields, the houses and the forests were all that the French peasants and landowners had. If the Hun conquered they would be swept away.
Going to France's aid in an expedition such as we have undertaken it might have been reasoned that the burden of paying for what we seized would rest upon our Ally. But our government did not so reason. General Pershing sent to Washington a request for the passage of legislation reimbursing everyone whose property had been taken. To reinforce his argument, our Field Commander said that any action short of this would make our army suffer by comparison with the British, which had paid value for value for everything taken or destroyed.
Action was prompt. The Congress enacted the needed legislation. But it is with pardonable pride that we who are Americans recall that our action in the China campaign set a standard recognized and adopted by the British, that is thoroughly in keeping with the high aims we have proclaimed.
[headlines and text span columns 3-4] CANTONMENT TYPES THE KIDDER
A GOOD share of the influences working for the development of high soldier morale comes from outside the ranks--the officers, the folks back home, the welfare workers, the pen-wielders--but there's a sizable collection of influences at work in the ranks themselves. Certain types of soldiers are as valuable in fostering spirit as ice cream and cake at mess. One of these types is The Kidder.
Every man in the army has to be more or less a master of this Tongue-and-brain art. "The Come-back" as a means of self-defense is rivalled only by the Manly Science itself. Many a man whose fist is No. 1C and whose shoulders belong to the Ladies and Misses classification is able to defeat a whole squad or platoon by means of his ready wit. Most soldiers would rather take a beating than have to pocket the small end of a kidding match. The torture, for instance, which many a sergeant has to undergo when the batteries of josh are turned on him after taps under secure cover of darkness is unequalled by the rack or the whole works of the Spanish Inquisition--or even a balling-out by the Primary Loot.
The first-class kidder often degenerates into a bore.
Oftener, he serves as a full portion of pepper, salt and all the other condiments in his company. When a bird grouses at the weather--bring on the O. D. Kidder! Let him turn loose all he's got. The complainer will retire under a cover-fire of grumbles, and ere long his lamp flickers and goes out. When the Moss Kicker breaks forth, allow the kidder several seconds.
"G'wan the only Waldorf you ever knew was Bill's Free Lunch or the Quick-and-Dirty on the corner. Mess! You never had a square meal in your life till you joined the army." That does the business more effectively than a general order.
The kidder can stop up every alley of complaint quicker than a declaration of peace.
The Conscientious Objector is his pet theme. And the C. O. rarely loafs in the vicinity of the Company Barbed Wit. The Yellow-livered specie loves nothing better than an argument but The Kidder is beyond that. He never argues. He loads his belt with ammunition and shoots from a sniping post. And like all hyprocrisies, the one of conscientious objection draws the shortest breaths and gets the least nourishment from unanwerable, thirty-three degree, heel-and-toe ridicule.
May the kidder be always with us. An army of them would make a healthy fighting force. And the German is the poorest kidder in the world. He isn't a sport, and he isn't a kidder. His only wit is cruel. It has to hurt--draw blood, so to speak--or it doesn't qualify.
[headline and byline span columns 3-4] THE GOVERNMENT OF FRANCE By F. O. BRAMHALL
One especial bond of sympathy between Americans and Frenchmen lies in the fact that just as the United States represents and maintains the republican idea in the Western Hemisphere, so France upholds it in the Eastern. Yet Americans in France will soon be struck by differences in the forms and ways of action in government. Not only will they find unfamiliar titles for familiar things, but they will occasionally find familiar names applied to quite different things.
The President of France, to begin with, is a very different sort of officer from the President of the United States. Although he lives in greater state and is surrounded with more ceremony, his actual power is but a shadow of that of our chief magistrate. While the American president wields the great powers of appointment to and removal from office, directs and controls the great army of federal officers, manages according to his own judgment the foreign affairs of the nation, and urges upon Congress and the country the policies in which he personally believes, none of these things are true of the French President.
Cabinet Governs Country
It is in France the Cabinet, not the President, which manages the affairs of the Republic, and even though action is taken in the name of the President, everybody knows that the Cabinet is responsible for it. The Premier is a much more powerful man than the President.
Nor is the French Cabinet at all like the American one. It is a group, of about a dozen men, who are the leaders of the Chamber of Deputies (corresponding to our House of Representatives) and the Senate, and who speak for the majority in the Chamber. The Premier is chosen by the President because he can speak for that majority and because they will follow his leadership; the Premier chooses the other members of the Cabinet. They stay in office and direct the government until the Chamber of Deputies, by vote, tells them that it no longer approves their conduct, whereupon they must all resign and let a new cabinet take their place. The Cabinet, therefore, is the center of the French Government; not, as in United States, a group which the President may consult but whose advice he need not follow, but one which actually wields the power, subject to the approval of Parliament.
The Parliament is not unlike our Congress in its general outlines. The Chamber of Deputies is composed of 601 members, elected by universal manhood suffrage, each from a dis[continued in column 4]
CHANGES CONSIDERED
Announcement has been made by the Quartermaster General that a number of changes in the uniforms of enlisted men are under consideration but no changes are contemplated in the uniforms of officers.
[continued from column 3] trict of about 100,000 people. All are elected at once, for a term of four years. The Senate has 300 members, chosen in the 87 Departments of France by electoral colleges, most of the electors being delegates from the town or commune councils. The Senators serve for nine years, and a third of them go out every three years.
In the actual working of Parliament, however, the American will find many differences from that of Congress; and those mainly because France has not two great national political parties as we have and as the British have. Instead, we find in the French Parliament a dozen little groups, without strong party discipline, forming and dissolving combinations to support or to overthrow Cabinets. Every Cabinet, consequently, must represent not a single party but a group of more or less harmonious ones; and that makes it necessary for a French Premier to be a very skillful manager of men if he is to last very long in office.
Departments Instead of States
Beneath the National Government with its seat at Paris, there are, of course, local governments. France has, however, no States like ours, with their distinct constitutions which the central government cannot encroach upon. They are all created by laws passed at Paris, and they are much more closely directed and managed, all over France, by national officers than our local governments are.
France is divided into 87 Departments, each of which is directed by a Prefect appointed from Paris, with large powers. Each Department is divided into four or five Districts or Arrondissements, and they in turn, into some eight or nine cantons; but neither of these plays any large part in the Frenchman's life.
At the basis of French Government, however, stands the most ancient of French units of government, the Commune. The Commune corresponds pretty much to our township. It may be a town or village or city; it may be purely rural. It may be a few acres, or many thousand in extent. It may have a handful of people, or hundreds of thousands. Every one has its mayor and its communal council, both directly elected by all male French citizens over twenty-one years of age, and each is vested with the powers which bring government closest home--the care of health, local orders, morality, local public works and public utility services.
It is in the 36,000 French communes that French democracy finds its most permanent expression.
ORIGIN OF "TANK"
The name "tank" was given to the mighty British fighting machines because for secrecy's sake they were known as "Water Carriers for Mesopotamia" while being shipped to the Western theatre of war.
gcls_campsevier_102
TRENCH AND CAMP
Signal Wigwag and Ordnance, Mobile and Quater Masters Thrift.
April has witnessed marked improvement in all phases of military progress in the Signal Battalon. The Radio, Wire and Outpost Companies have lost no opportunity to improve their ability to meet the demands of the on-coming combat with the Huns, and when these companies arrive "over there" and report for duty Fritz will feel the affects of the hard training these men have undergone at Camp Sevier during the last few months.
Company C. has attained wonderful speed in handling the gas mask, under the direction of Sergeant Wood berry. The men have come to realize the need of accuracy and speed in masking for the deadly poison which so frequently encounters our men "Over there" and they have prepared themselves to mee tthis danger with impunity. Thorough training in all field work has been given and the men are now restlessly awaiting the summons to embark for France.
The Quarter Master's Corps has been especially busy checking and equipping the division with all needed supplies, while the Mobile and Ordnance men have been undergoing intense training for the part they are to have in the march to Berlin.
Kiddies Sent Them Load of Flowers
The men at the base hospital at Camp Sevier received a bright ray of sunshine yesterday when the kiddies of Oaklawn school sent them an automobile chockful of beautiful South Carolina flowers which are just now beginning to bloom in full fragrance. The men expressed themselves as considering it one of the most pleasant incidents they have enjoyed since being at Camp Sevier.
First Lieut. St. J. Gearing of New York, reported to Camp Sevier yesterday and was assigned to the Base Hospital. He is the only officer to report during the past few days.
Soldiers Do Your Banking at The Bank of Commerce Greenville, S. C.
CAPITAL 100,000.00
The Bank that caters to the Soldiers.
We remain open in the afternoons from 3 to 5 o'clock for deposits in order to convenience the soldier.
Soldiers accounts receive the best of attention
B. A. MORGAN, President FRANK F. MARTIN, VicePrest. & Cashier T. E. STRIBLING, Ass't Cashier F. B. MOFFETT, Ass't Cashier
Soldiers If you want to meet your friends Come to the Savoy
RETURN FROM THE ARTILLERY RANGE
Batteries D, E and F of 115th Field Artillery Complete A Tour Firing Practice
MADE EXCELLENT SCORE
Batteries D, E, and F of the 115th field artillery, completed their tour of firing practise at the artillery range on Friday, returning to camp yesterday, accompanied by Major George E. Hoope, second battalion, and Major John H. Milam, third battalion, and by Brig. Gen. G. G. Gatley, commander of the brigade, who had been at the range since firing began there seven weeks ago.
The second three batteries of the 115th made excellent scores, as had all the organizations which preceded them, and all officers of the brigade are delighted with the showing made. There is much speculation at present as to whether the batteries will have a second turn at the range before leaving.
The 105th trench mortar battery left yesterday for the range, and will be there for several days, engaged in firing at all ranges which their pieces permit. The battery, which was formerly Troop D, Tennessee cavalry, is a part of the artillery brigade, and will be equipped with immense 6inch trench mortars, larger than have yet been used in action.
Bids Opened For Renovating Woolens At Camp Sevier
Bids were opened Saturday by Major E. A. Brown, the camp quartermaster at Camp Sevier, for cleaning and renovating of all winter woolens except the heavy woolen olive drab uniforms, which the men are still wearing. There are many blankets on hand, however, which were issued for use during the colder weather, as well as a large number of comforts.
All comforts will be turned in to the camp quartermaster before departing for overseas, as they are too bulky to transport on shipboard. It is thought that the soldiers of the 30th division will wear their heavy woolen unifroms aboard, as cotton uniforms, which most of them have from last year, are not to be taken to France and as there will hardly be time to issue a complete new outfit of light woolen uniforms. No cotton underwear except what a man happens to have in his possession will be taken overseas. It was recently anniunced that on Gen. Pershing's recommendation, cotton underwear would be worn by the Expeditionary Forces during the summer months, but this has again been changed.
HERE'S ONE WAY IN WHICH TO FILL OUT DRAFT QUESTIONNAIRE.
A San Francisco youth who recently enlisted in the army was sent a questionnaire by a local draft board and it was forwarded to him in France.
Dutifully he sat down and filled it out. Here are some of the questions and his answers as they were received by the draft board:
Q. Are you an expert in any occupation?
A. Fighting Huns with a bayonet.
QWhat language do you speak?
A. Pigeon French.
Q. What enterprise are you engaged in?
A. Fighting Huns.
Q. State the name under which the enterprise is conducted.
A. European war.
Q. What is produced by said enterprise?
A. Hell.
How many persons are employed in the plant where you work c
A. Ten million.
Q. Are you engaged in an agricultural enterprise?
A. Plowing "No Man's Land."
Q. Are you an employee or managing head of the enterprise?
A. Rear of enterprise.
Q. State the kind of farm.
A. Poor farm.
Q. What branch of the work are you engaged in?
A. Digging trenches.
Q. What is produced by that branch?
A. Shell craters.
Q. State the number and kind of live stock on the land.
A. Crumbs and other vermin; also Huns.
Q. How many persons live on the land?
A. NONE VERY LONG
BLOW OUTS FROM THE AMMUNITION SECTION
105th Ammunition Train
By George (Pinkie) Smith, "B" Co.
Trust the Train boys to bring h9ome the Bacon--of the picked men who attended the Officers Training Camp at Leon Springs, Texas, every one returned with a recommendaiton for a commission. There were 3000 men at the beginning of the camp and but 1800 finished the course, the rest re_ signed before the term was finished. Besides bringing home commissions they brought home a new marching song like this:
The Benzine board is working at the Leon Springs Training School; If you don't look out they'll call you and tell you, you're a fool, The boys are all resigning they say its for the best; But the reason they're resigning is by RE-QUE-ST.
They say that all men with big feet are policemen--in that case Sergeant Means missed his vocation in life.
Did You Know That
The chief function of a tooth brush in the army is to keep a gun clean. That the bandages in your first aid kit made fine gun rags. That Ashley Haight has red hair. That B. S. Ward spends as high as ten cents some months. That you can be shot for more things in the army than out of the army.
Since the arrival of the new men there has not been so many old men walking around with chips on their shoulders--maybe its their size.
After hearing cook Eagle explain how come that the water he boiled scorched, I am led to believe that he is not going to Heaven after all.
According to Sergeant Means the three biggest liars in the world are [continued in column 4]
[Spanning columns 3 and 4 is an illustration of a large ship, with several people pushing boxes abord] Following the sun with WRIGLEY'S
Vision for a moment, those far off ports beyond the trackless seas-- From Arctic ice, to the torrid lands beneath the Southern Cross-- From towns tucked in the mountains, to the busy river's mouth-- WRIGLEY'S is there! There, because men find comfort and refreshment in its continued use.
[a small shield with the words] WRAPPED IN UNITED PROFIT-SHARING COUPONS
Because of its benefits and because The Flavor Lasts "After every meal" [To the left, a caricature of a man pushing a trolly cart with packs of Wrigley's gum on it.] 25 [To the right are three large packs of gum.] WRIGLEY'S SPEARMINT THE PERFECT GUM LASTS MINT LEAF FLAVOR
WRIGLEY'S DOUBLEMINT CHEWING GUM PEPPERMINT
WRIGLEY'S JUICY FRUIT CHEWING GUM THE FLAVOR LASTS
MOTHERS' DAY EDITION
Next Sunday is Mothers' Day, and this day should be observed by every soldier in the Camp. The Trench and Camp believes that this day should be observed and will get out a Mothers' Day edition. In doing this we ask the cooperation of the men in Camp. We would like to get any drawings and other material for this edition that will be appropriate. All articles, suggestions and drawings must be handed in by Wednesday, May 8th. Get busy and send in something. Hand your material in at the nearest Y. M. C. A. building.
[continued from middle of column 3] Annias, Baron Munchausen and me.
And what else could you expect from a sailor.
Conversation After the Performance of the Girls Glee Club.
"And did you see that red headed one--hummmm boy."
"And the one with the sparkling earrings, a regular Theda Bara.
"Me for that Blonde Alto."
"Say, where is Anderson anyway, I wonder if I could take a run out there over Sunday."
"Huh, I was always partial to red heads, anyway."
"Say, I didn't know Kipling could write such stuff as that girl recited."
"I wonder when they'll be back."
"The way Ashley Haight and Clif. Lowery carried on you'd think they were still single, I've got a good notion to tell their wives."
"I'm going to join the Camouflage Corps."
"So am I."
I hear you calling me.
Duck.
gcls_campsevier_103
TRENCH AND CAMP
[Along the left side of the page is a narrow illustration that runs the length of the page. An old woman is knitting. Below that is an explosion in the air, with a man (presumably a soldier) on horseback, his arm raised, holding a sword. Below that, sailors on board a ship.]
"THE BARRACKS WHEEZE"
BY PRIVATE CHET SHAFER (310th Sanitary Train, Camp Custer, Battle Creek, Mich.)
After You've Been In the army A Month or so You'll Wonder why Someone Doesn't Tack a couple Amendments On The law of Compensation.
WHEN A PATRIOTIC VILLAGER EXTENDED THE COURTESY OF HIS HOME TO A SOLDIER AND PUT UP THE SANITARY COT THE SOLDIER SAID OF THE VILLAGER THAT HE GAVE HIS (H)ALL FOR HIS COUNTRY.
"ARE YOU GETTING MUCH OUT OF THE ARMY?" THE INTERESTED MOTHER ASKED THE DOUGHBOY.
"NO, MADAM," HE ANSWERED. "BUT I'M GETTING OUT OF MUCH IN THE ARMY."
Army life is sort of peculiar. It consists mainly of falling in and falling out, and when you fall in you lose your identity and when you fall out you don't even make a substantial noise.
And now the "hard boils" are called "20-minute eggs."
"AND HERE I AM," HE SOLILOQUIZED RUEFULLY, "GETTING UP AT 4.45, DRILLING ALL DAY AND TURNING IN AT 9 P. M. HELPING TO MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY, AND I'VE VOTED THE REPUBLICAN TICKET ALL MY LIFE."
The Big trouble with This life Is that someone Other than yourself Plays the ace And catches Both pedroes.
STRANGELY -- CLERICAL MEN DO NOT MAKE GOOD FILE CLOSERS.
"I'll hit you so hard," he said, "that your grandchildren will limp into the evening meal on crutches."
ONE PRIVATE, PHILIP BY NAME, ANGERED WITH SEVERAL OTHERS AT AN INCONSIDERATE ACT OF A SUPERIOR, SUGGESTED THAT THEY GET TOGETHER AND WRITE HIM A THREATENING LETTER.
Which brings to mind that it's nearly time for the annual election of officers.
THE ARMY TICKET WILL UNDOUBTEDLY CARRY--UNANIMOUSLY.
More of the banyan, doctor.
And just about the time you have decided that you have hit a smooth spot in this life, you run against something rough and scrape the skin off your desire to proceed.
There are a lot of homebodies in the army, but the distinction is doing them no good.
AFTER A FOUR-DAY HIKE, RALPH LOOKED AT HIS BATTERED SHOES AND REMARKED:
"IT WON'T BE LONG BEFORE I'LL BE GETTING BACK ON MY FEET AGAIN."
LOANS TO OUR ALLIES
Up to April 11 the United States Government had made loans aggregating $4,835,329,750 to her allies in the war. The amounts the various countries have received are as follows: Great Britain, $2,580,000,000; France, $1,480,000,000; Italy, $490,- 000,000; Russia, $187,729,750; Belgium, $88,400,000; Cuba, $5,000,- 000; Serbia, $4,200,000. A loan of at least $44,000,000 will be made to the Greek Government, and one for $6,666,666 has been arranged for the Roumanian Government.
SOLDIERING
A troop of Regular Cavalry under command of Capt. H. H. Anderson, on duty at Marfa, Texas, recently made a hard ride over 200 miles of the roughest country on the Mexican border in pursuit of Mexican bandits and then rode back to camp and passed a fine inspection.
[comic spans colums 2 and 3] Army Sports, No. 1 [Five soldiers are standing outside some tents.] SNIFF-SNIFF-HEY! FELLERS TAKE A WHIFF, GET THE ESSENCE O'-WIOLET
YEP--THATS WHAT I ALWAYS SAID-- IT PAYS TO ADVERTISE
HEY! BILL! WHO'S THE LIBERTY GIRL:
AND A NICE LOOKING YOUNG FELLER LIKE ME DONT EVEN GET A POST CARD
IF SHE COULD ONLY PIPE THAT MAP
DICKSTEIN. 144TH P.A. BAT. E [illegible] CAMP KEA[illegible]
MAIL An answer to a "Lonesome Soldier Ad."
[headline spans columns 2 and 3] Learn French
LESSON IX
The French vowel sounds, as already studied, are as follows:
| English | French | |
|---|---|---|
| Sound | example | example |
| a | father | la |
| 'e | met | lait |
| e' | fate | cafe' |
| ee | beet | oui |
| o | softer | donnez |
| oh | go | eau |
| oo | boot | vous |
| uh | fe (r) n | de |
| (lips as for oo, | ||
| u | tongue as for ee) | du |
| 'ah | franc | |
| 'a | a(ngry) | cinq |
| 'uh | un | |
| 'o | bon |
The French have but one consonant sound that is rather rare in English, the buzzing sound of si in the word vision. The sound will be represented by zh. It occurs three times in the name of the great French general, Joseph Jacques Joffre, pronounced zhohzef zhak zhofr.
Pronounce r with a distinct trill by making the tip of the tongue vibrate just behind the upper teeth. Telephone operators pronounce the word "three" much like this.
NUMERALS 26-50
| Pronun- | Mean | |
|---|---|---|
| French | ciation | ing |
| Vingt sis | v'at sis | 26 |
| vingt sept | v'at s'et | 27 |
| vingt huit | v'at weet | 28 |
| vingt neuf | v'at nuhf | 29 |
| trente | tr'aht | 30 |
| trente et un | tr'aht e 'uh | 31 |
| trente deux | tr'aht duh | 32 |
| trente trois | tr'aht trwa | 33 |
| quarante | kar'aht | 40 |
| quarante et un | kar'aht e 'uh | 41 |
| quarante deux | kar'aht duh | 42 |
| quarante trois | kar'aht trwa | 43 |
| cinquante | s'ak'aht | 50 |
NEW WORDS
le bureau de tabac tobacco shop luh buroh duh taba le paquet package, bundle luh pak'e la cigarette cigarette la seegar'et le timbre (-poste) (postage) stamp luh t'abr (-post) la boite box la bwat une allumette match un alum'et le billet bank note, ticket luh beey'e
EXERCISE Au Bureau de tabac
Bonjour, madame. Donnez-moi deux paquets de cigarettes, s'il vous plait. Combien? Quinze sous pi'ece (a piece), monsieur. Donnez-moi aussi dix timbre (-poste) de cinq centimes, et deux boites d'allumettes de trois sous (quinze centimes) pi'ece, s'il vous plait. Voil'a, monsieur. Combien, madame? Cigarettes, un franc dix; timbres, cinquante centimes; allumettes, trente centimes. Un franc quatre ving dix (90) centimes, monsieur. Avez-vous la monnaie d'un billet de cinquante francs? Oui, monsieur. Voil'a quarante-huit francs dix centimes. Merci, monsieur. Au revoir, madame.
LESSON X SOME PAST FORMS OF THE VERB
J'ai donne', zhe' done', I have given, gave Vous avez e'coute', vooz ave'z e'koote', you have listened, listened il a mange', eel a m'anzhe', he has eaten, ate nous avons fini, nooz av'o feenee, we have finished, finished ils ont parle', eelz 'o parle', they have spoken, spoke elle a entendu, el a 'aht'ahdu, she has heard, heard j'ai e'te', zhe' e'te', I have been, was il a eu, eel a u, he has had, had
The forms donne', e'coute', mange', parle', fini, entendu, e'te', eu, are called past participles, and mean: given, listened, eaten, spoken, finished, heard, been, had.
Add -i'eme to deux, trois, etc., to mean second, third, etc.
Premier, premi'ere, pruhmye, pruhmy'er, first deuxi'eme, duhzy'em, second troisi'eme, trwazy'em, third quatri'eme, katry'em, fourth cinqui'eme, s'aky'em, fifth
NEW WORDS
| French | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| le chemin de fer | railway (road of | |
| shm'a duh fer | iron | |
| le train | train | |
| tr'a | ||
| la voiture | coach, wagon | |
| vwatur | ||
| la gare | station | |
| gar | ||
| la ville | city, town | |
| veel | ||
| le poilu | soldier | |
| pwalu | ||
| la classe | class | |
| klas | ||
| cher | dear, expensive | |
| sh'er | ||
| voyager | travel | |
| zwayazhe' | ||
| voyage' | travelled | |
| vwayazhe' | ||
| demander | to ask for, ask | |
| duhm'ahde | ||
| demande' | asked | |
| duhm'ahde | ||
| offrir | to offer, treat | |
| ofreer | ||
| offert | offered, treated | |
| of'er | ||
| hier | yesterday | |
| y'er |
1. Make past tenses by prefixing j'ai, il a, nous avons, vous avez, ils ont, to the following words: donne', parle', mange', regarde', e'coute', voyage', demande', fini, offert, e'te', eu, entendu. Repeat them aloud with meanings.
2. Read aloud and translate these sentences:
Nous avons e'te' (went) 'a la ville hier par le chemin de fer. A la gare j'ai demande' deux billets de troisi'eme (classe). Nous avons trouve' deux places dans une voiture avec vingt cinq poilus. Nous avons parle' de la guerre. Avez-vous mange' au restaurant? Non, dans le train. Les poilus nous ont donne' (gave us) du vin. Nous leur avons offert (treated them to) des cigarettes. Est-ce que le train a marche' (run) vite? Non, tr'es lentement. Les voitures francaises (fr'ahs'ez, feminine) sont petites. Il y a (there are) trois classes de voitures: premi'ere, deuxi'eme, troisi'eme. Les officiers voyagent en premi'ere, mais les poilus voyagent en troisi'eme. Les billets de premi'ere (first class tickets) sont tr'es chers.
S. O. S.
Every time you peel your potatoes raw, the Kaiser thanks you.
VETERINARIANS PUT SOFT PEDAL ON MULE MUSIC
One of the horrors of war is sleeping in an armory where 105 mules are quartered--the writer knows. He has done it. And if discords be the basis of a symphony the strange sounds that were resolved as the mule chorus rose to the roof must have been a symphony. But this Nocturne in Mule Music did not strike the writer as anything at all admirable. Even now, softened as the memory is by the passing of time, he has no desire to hear the mule chorus again even if played by the finest aggregation of musicians of the country as an accompaniment to the internment march of one Karl Muck.
The mules, faithful animals that they are, and beloved by every soldier who has depended upon them for food transport, have been altogether too noisy.
They have played a major part in the army transport but while doing it have insisted upon telling in a minor key of the work they have done.
In a word they have attracted the attention of the Germans. Something has had to be done. The army has needed the faithful mule even up at the very front. The army mule is indispensible. But the Quartermaster Department has not yet reached the efficiency of the Chicago Stockyards which use even the pigs' squeal and the Army has decided upon surgical operations to eliminate the braying.
Veterinarians have been instructed to operate upon the mules that are destined for overseas service and to do it with the efficiency of the Maxim silencer.
(With the memory of those nights in the armory the writer beseeches the veterinarians to operate similarly upon domestic mules.)
The Anti-Noise Societies would rejoice at some of the steps that are being taken by the Army abroad. Of course there must be the roar of the big guns. They can't be Maxim silenced--and anyway we are concerned only in silencing the enemies guns and give no thought to our own.
Even the little tin helmets have been banned in the front lines. As men strike the barbed wire entanglements the helmets ring. So woolen caps have been substituted for front line wear.
On light railways near the front a locomotive with a silent motor is in use.
P. T. E.
Civilian Use of Khaki Branded as Extravagance
Use of so much khaki-colored cloth for uniforms for women and men not connected in any way with the military establishment of the country is deplored by the Army and Navy Journal. The practice is regarded as particularly out of keeping with the times because of the recent shortage of khaki-colored cloth for uniforms for soldiers, and the efforts of the War Department to conserve the supply.
Under the caption of "The Civilian Craze for Uniforms," the Army and Navy Journal said in a recent issue:
"One of the economic extravagances and wastes ever before the eyes of the dwellers in our large cities at the present time is the civilian craze for uniforms.
"We have scarcely recovered from the turbulent agitation aroused over the shortages is army uniforms when we see more and more men and women in khaki-colored uniforms that range from close imitations of those of the British army to very bad copies of our own army patterns.
"It is to be noted in this connection that the hardest workers among the civilians attached to our cantonments and camps in the capacity as entertainers or "social workers" usually wear a costume of so simple a pattern and so unobstrusive a color as scarcely to be worth calling a military uniform and which certainly makes no pretensions to anything of that kind. But in the ordered and protected social world of our larger cities one sees young women in uniforms that (making allowances for the brief skirts) are practically those of the British, French and Belgian army patterns.
"Moreover, the street railway companies have elected to dress their women conductors in uniforms of khaki color with puttees and a wretched imitation of the Army garrison cap, the whole presenting a sartorial horror, a feminine travesty, and a shocking wastage of cloth that in the near future may be vitally needed for the men we will have to send to France."
THEY'LL ENJOY IT
When you finish reading this copy of Trench and Camp send it home for your relatives to read. They will enjoy the paper as much as you do.