Notebook: Roger B. Farquhar, 1852-1853

Carbon is a passivating of wood, by enhancing the fence posts when the wood is dry they will [?] sound many years. The post on the Shams placed that by S. C [?] are samll yet and the old locks in England whose fryings are painted with lamp black are still pufed The panted of Carbon or [?] are very hand acting on a file [?], it is therefore informing to the tuth as t meaxs off the enamel, A grool Charcoal powder is obtained by heating any only [?] the almond or Coaco-nut and [?] it [?] excluded from the air. Carbons chief property is [?] [?] quality, from veins, [?] butter, state, water (at sea) may all be made [?] by charcoal. Black lead or grap^hite or carbon of non [?] contain a great amount of carbon. It is obtained in the form of gas from Carbonate of [?] or chalk by putting Sulphuric acid on it, the acid combining with the [?] forming Sulphate of [?] or Plastic paris as heavy as the atmosphere, [?] produces hopkins effect 'N' is therefore called [?] in [?].

[?] 29th, Carbonic acid Carbon or charcoal is a good manure, because [?] so porus it absorbs and condenses a great many of the gdses, for this purpose is should not be ground as fine as it destroys the capular [?]: the argand lamp is so called from the name of the inventor

The invention consists in a circular wick and suppling both sides with air. The quantity of light is in proportion to the amount of carbon consumed. Chemicals or Etherial oil is comprised of Alchol and Turpentine; the danger of using this oil is in filling the lamp at night when they are hot - and then bringing a light near them it ignites an invisible fluid that rises from the oil and thereby coases an explosion.

As carbonic acid gas is deleterious to life we should not have an open furnace or burning coals in a sleeping room. The blood in the lungs absorb oxygen which combines with the Carbon of the blood and is expelled in the form of Carbonic acid gas, which is absorbed by the vegitables to form their structure. Insects for exhibition or inspection are killed by Carbonic acid gas they were formally killed by running a pin through their bodies and heating it till their death ensued and all the coal that is burnt is giving off Carbonic acid gas to feed vegitation.

Carbonic oxide was discovered by Priestly and in 1802 Dr. Woodhouse proved its composition to be one of oxygen and one of Carebon, it is formed by passing Carbonic acid over red hot-iron, one proportion of oxygen combines with - the iron acid leaves the Barbonic oxide This gas is frequently formed when [anthr????]

coal is burning and burns with a blue flame. During the formation of Sugar which is composed of oxygen and Carbon, two proportions of Carbonic acid pass off and leave alchol which is equal to 4 Carbon x 2 oxygen this is called the vinius fermentation Carbon unites with Hydrogen and forms Carburet of Hydrogen. In the decomposition of blood which is composed of 72 Carbon 44 oxygen and 44 Hydrogen Carburetted Hydrogen is liberated which is equal to 22 Carbon 44 Hydrogen. This gas is formed in the same manner in coal mines.

Carbon under the name of fire damp often explodes producing great destruction, in order to protect the miner Sir H. Davy, after laborious [unclear] ligations invented the saftey lamp which consists in surrounding the flame with wire gauze, the gauze cools the flame so as not to set the gas on fire. Carbonic of Hydrogen or Olifiant gas is formed by putting Shulphuric Acid on Alchol this combines with the oxygen and Hydrogen or two parts of water and liberates the gas, if we put only enough Shulphuric acid to take away only one atom of water it forms either

The Olifiant gas is the gas lights which used in most of the cities it is same gas that is formed and burnt in all lamps and candles the only difference is that the Gas light is prepared previous to using it while in a lamp or candle or fire it is formed as it is used.

Lecture 30th Nitrogen Gas. Nitrogen was formally called ozote or life destroyer it is not deletireous to life, the present name is applied to it because it is one of the constituents of Nitre. It is a simple substance, though Berzelious from analogy thought is was a compound whose base was [Ni??burns] as it combines with Oxygen like the alkilies all of its properties are negtive it is in a positive Electrical state. It never enters into combinations in a simple state it forms 4/5 of the atmosphere now it is estimated that were the atmosphere condensed to the consistance of water it would be 33 feet high over the whole world, therefore Nitrogen would be 26, 4 feet high. Nitrogen is generally said to be of no other use than to delute the oxygen, this gas when pure produces to much excitement! The lecturer thinks it must have other uses. Pross, [Subrich?] has found that Nitrogen enters into the celular structure of all animals and vegatable substances. The Nitrogen is the nutrive parts of plants or that which gives strength to the muscles. Cabbage would therefore be more nutrive than the same quantity of potatoes as it contains more nitrogen, if you wish to fatten your horse use corn to strengthen him use oats, as teh latter contains more Nitrogen This gas is obtained by burning a piece of

phospherous in a confined portion of air. The most careful analysis can not detect the affluvia of [rozes] in the air. Cavendish produces Nitric acid by condensing the elements, by electricity this acid frequently occurs in the atmosphere after a thunder shower,

Nitric acid was formally called aqua fortis or strong water, If we put Nitrate of Copper in solution a bright metal be placed in it, by attraction the Oxygen precipitates the copper on the bright matallic substance.

A metal will not dissolve in an acid until it is oxodized, Nitrogen combines with Oxygen in 5 proportions.

Lecture 31st Silicon Boron and Sulphur

Silicon though it is put among the more metallic bodies yet it is most known under Selica therefore we will treat of it under this head. Boron is obtained from Borax the latter is used as a flux and by Brasiers it is procured from lakes in the upper [Giha?] it is then called fungle when it is purefied it forms the Borax f commerce. To form Boracic acid dissolve Borax in 4 times its weight of boiling water and 1/4 of its weight in Shulphuric acid thus BC2, Na O3 = O3, Na o (Bo2 it is in a sold form)