Farfel Research Notebooks

60 Dec. 76 Angonaut $65.00 (gift)

S.T.C. #2064

The English Bible - tranlated by Miles Covendale [inserted] Yorkshieman educated at Cambridge - (1488-1568) [end inserted] published in England by James Nycholson in Southwark in 1537. (Apocalypse fo. cxiij) 8 1/2x 13 5/8

[inserted] 288 x 189mm 602 ff [end inserted]1st edition of the whole English Bible to be printed [inserted] Woodcut John [end inserted] in England. (folio) Blackletter. Copius: NY Public Lib, BM, The Bible 57 lines - New Testament - Revelation 1 --> 3.2 House, London Apocalypse on "Revelation" of St. John the [illegible]; a vision of the Day of Judgement, the destruction of the world, and the establishment of The New Jerusalem. The "Form Horseman" signify Conquest, Slaughter, Dearth and Death.

Copius (USA) New York Public in Lib and General Theological Seminary NYC C. Clair. p. 2. English printers were dependent on centimental supplies for their paper. Apart from the short-lived paper mill of John Tate of Stwenage (1495-8) no paper seems to have been manufactured in England on my substantial scale until John spilman started his mill at Dartford in Kant about 1589.

- Pynson introduced no man Types into England in 1507, and De Worde first [illegible] first [illegible] an italic type in 1524.

[inserted] H.F. made new ed. 1968 z 7771 E H47 A.S. Herbert Z 7771 E5H47 [end inserted]#32 (15) 1537 Biblia 2nd folio edition of Coverdale's Bible Imprinted in South works fn James Nycolson Coverdadis version - the first folio Bible printed in England - while it is not certain whether this or #33 (a quarto) was the earliest just Bible printed in England, this is probably prior since #33 has the words 'set forth with the Kynges most

See also Matthew & Bible - gracious licence' on the title page. Summaries are removed from the beginning of the book and placed at the head of each * measurement of type page) chapter. the text, in spite of the words 'newly oversene and connected', appears to be a close reprint of Covendale's Bible of 1535. // f^o 288 x 189 [321 x 213 mm] 602ff.

[inserted] The text divided into 6 parts. New Testament #6 [end inserted] The text printed in bold English black letter. The headlines + folio numbers are printed in fine large typo. Each part of the text has a separate foliation. Excluding title borders, -->

Excluding the title borders ->57 separate blocks are used for 94 illustraations. According to an MS note Frey was able to trace no more than 8 copies of this edition.

It was because the dissernmmilion do the Scriptures in English was prohibited by the ecuclesiastical authorities that Tyndale was obliged [inserted] c. clairp. 61 155.142 C 58 (Santa Clara) [end inserted]to take refute in Germany to complete his Translation of the New Testament, the 1st to be painted in the English language, which was issued by Peter Schoeffer at Worms in 152506. Tyndale met a martyr's death in 1536 before he had translated the whole Bible, which he certainly would have done had he lived. The completion of the English Bible ever to be printed was published in 1535. Even today it is not known for certain where or by whom it was printed, but from the evidence of its types most authorities consider it was printed at Cologne by Cervicorn or Soter. L.A. Sheppard, however, considers the book to have been printed by the same printers at Marburg.

This Coverdale Bible was reprinted in 1537, ostensibly by James Nicolson of Southwark, a native of the Low Countries, who had a printing office in St. Thomas's Hospital, but actually Nicolson only imported the sheetsof the edition, which he purchased from Jacob van Meteren, the Antwerp merchant who had subsidized Corendale's Bible.

British Museum --> The earliest printing of the Bible in English-P. Quentell - Cologne 1525 New Testament "fyue sunday interpreters" were - The Swiss German version of zueingli and Leo Juda (printed at Zurich 1524-9), 2) the Latin version of Sanctus Pagninus (the 1st edition appeared in 1528), 3) Luther's German Version (finished in 1532), the 4) Vulgate and 5) Tyndale.

1537 [inserted] In the Psalter te ordinary Latin headings are prefixed. These had seen omitted in the 1st ed. [end inserted] -- its large initials framed with design from the Danca of Duth seius. Title within the same woodcut border as that employed for the 1st ed. 1535 -- title page by Holbein title page of New Testament - unknown artist - shows the evangelists in the 4 courses. A Literary History of the Bible - Gedder MacCragan - 1968 BS 455 M 32 (West Valley)

Paris, Gillet Hardouyn - large device of the Hardounis viz. Hercules rescuing Deianuce from centaur Hessus. - at border calendar (mine) same as a border from (8 2/8 x 5 1/4) #270 (1509) C. F. Murray --> Z 240 M97 - elaborate borders composed of Renaissance ornament interspersed with children playing, figures of saints, hunting scenes, etc. - boys playing amidst foliage, dance of death - Germain Handouin (son or brother of Gillet) - Les Heures published by Gillet and Germain Hardouin existent en aussi grand nombre que calles de Kenver mais nous les jugeons in [illegible] a as dennieres with surtout a cellus de Vostre - Gillet --> 1497, 1509-1521 (un bout de pon) Notre Dame) aftu 1521 --> Germain. Germain Handouin - Paris worked about 1500-1541. Gillet Hardouin - Paris worked about 1491-1521.

Hind History of Woodcut p 696 A.W. Pollard

- family of Hardouin - taken earliest Horae being used in 1504/5 - printed by Antoine Chappid for Gillet Hurdoim with woodcut surface 7 1/2 x 4 3/4" - Gillet Hardouin - who wiht his successors was responsible for some 70 editions during the first half of the 16th C. Horae - Calendars - of the moveable feasts - all that those calendars show is that the edition in which they occur must have been printed before, probably at least 5 or 6 years before, the last year for which they are reckoned. - the brothers Germain and Gilus Hardouim produced [illegible] as many examples as Vostre and Pigouchet - they are characterized by the frequent use of hand colouring in the woodcuts in imitation of manuscript Book of Ours.

R.L. Poole - Medieval Reckonings of Time London 1921

France con sign (9) used internally. ÷ est (French MSS) (est). ȩ (12th C) i - dotted ? or only if double et sign - long honiz. stroke - characteristic of the Latin South (z) i.e. Spain ampersand & - (Canolingian) [?Tuionian?] sign v forked r - French cursive hands c for cum not common after 1220 n for non de, do, p. juncture which is common in developed gothic crossed [?Tuionian?] et sign 7 -- sometimes regarded as indicative of origin north of the Alps double looped S --> S erect s --> f developed Gothic --> tightly compressed letters becomes shaded 1 (1343) the [inserted] internal [end inserted] omedial 9 sign for con or cum is generally French miniscule [?forked?] r (r) - Typically French

littera quadrata (textura) square Gothic. Both ends ie. the Lead + feast of the perpendiculars are finished off by lozenge shaped serifs, placed obliquely to the mam strokes A simpler form littera semi quadrata. The heads of the perpendicular strokes begin with a short + thick serif. The feat, however, end with a point (just as the bib leaves the writing material) or are rounded off by a trait curving to the right. littera rotunda round Gothic - absence of the Jozenge shaped serifs of square Gothic. Both heads + feet of the vertical strokes are rounded off by curves.

In Gutenberg's Time, paper was old in the East; in Europe it had been a familiar commodity for some 300 yrs. Printers ink, a mixture of lampblack + oil was known in its elements to the contemporary painter

#9 Breviary (Hall) Psalm 75(4) Confitebimur tibi Deus Psalm 97(6) Dominus regnavit exaltet terra Psalm 99(8) Dominus nagnavit irascantue populi Psalm 47 (6) Omnas gentes, plaudita manibus Psalm 61 (0) Exaudi Deus deprecationem meam intende., Psalm 64(3) Exandi Deus Orationem mam cum deprecor

In Festivatatibus #12 - In illo tempore: Dixit Jesus discipulis suis: Jesus said to his disciples - Gregory X Pope (1271 2 - 12960 tEDALDO vISCONTI Beatae Marise Virginis (Blessed Virgin) [Omelia beatie gregorii pape] - Ordinale Sarum ad Matutines Nov. Sancti Andree Apostoli reponoriirs hymn versicles prayer Lasons invitatories capitula (chapters) antiphons

BX 2470 B 76 1974 West Valley The Monastic World - Christopher Brooke

Out of the early asccetic groups, scattered all over the Roman Empire devloped the movement known as "monastic". The first monks of the Egyption decent were hermits or anchorites. But from very early dayse there came to be communitus of monks living in monasteries (coenobia - common) The monastic ideal is commonly reckoned to owe its formation to St. Antony (c. 251 - 35c), + he was the first great anchorite; it is beyond a doubt that it was in the was in the descents of Egypt that monasticism was born in the early 4th C. 1 Athanasius the bishop + Theologian 2 Antony the hermit 3 Pechomius the coenobite created the tradition of orthodox monasticism the basic ideals of the desert fathers were preserved in John Cassian's Collations (c. 400) - settled in the south of Gaul Cappadocia - eastern Asia minor - St. Basil (d. 379) - Greek Orthodox monastic life St Augustine of Hippo (345-430) Africa - Confessions The 6th C saw the final separation of Greek east from Latin west 1 (with 500) - the Rule of the Master 2) (with 530) - Monte Cassino - 2nd + more famous Rules was written by Benedict of Nursia. Cassiordus - Pope Gregory the Great (590-604) "The Rule" was taken to England in the course of the 7th C to Fleny on the Loire

Irish monastic movement - Columbian who wenf from Bangor to found Luxeird in Gaul + Bobbio in Italy; his disciples spread Celtic monastic influence as far as St. Gallen. Columcille founder of Durow + Iona - St Aidan. Benedict of Aniare (d. 821) appointed by Louis the Pious, Charlemagne's successor - central figure in Western monachism - development of an ever increasing liturgy. Reidenare, Cluny (909-10), Gorze in Lorraine (c. 933) Glastonbury (940), Jumiegaz Public reading an essential part of monastic life.

If we ask the question, when was the Benadictine Order formed, then the 1st simple strict answers is: never, or not yet. The history of Benedictine communities has been the story of a long struggle to preserve the independence which was tradionally regarded as an essential mark of Benedictine monachism. 900-1050 - monastic influence rose to its peak in the political + social life of Western Europe - between 1050+1150 the numerical strencth of the monastic world increased but the place of the monks in the life of the Church + the wold did not grow in proportion. - conflict - spostolic vs angelic life 11-12th C activity vs prayer 1) The Augustinian Canons 2) The Cistercians (1097) 3( The Knights - 1118 first house of Templars found in Jerusalem 4) Abbenses + prioresses 5) St. Norbert + St. Francis - the Premonstratensiens + the Friars (12th C) (13th C)

The Augsburg printer Hans Otmar was active in that city from 1502 to 1514 after 1st having been established in Rentlingen + Tubingen. His son Silvan Otmar operated a printing press in Augsburg from 1513 to 1539. Silvan took a decided interest in printing Reformation treatise: including many of Luther's writings THe language of the Book of COmmon Prayer influenced Englishe press for 4 centuries. It also affected attitudes + ways of thinking. The 1st official prayer book of the Episcapal Church printed in 1790 was based on it.

In the Roman computalion in the month 3 days were used to count from: the 1st (Kalends), 5th (Nones) + 13 (Ides); in March, May, July, + Oct the Nones + Ides fell on th 7th + 15th of the months. The days were counted from the following Kalends, Nones, or Ides; e.g. Jan 10 was the 4th day before the Ides of Jan., or the 4th of the Ides of Jan., because the Romans counted inclusively; Jan 25 was teh 8th of the Kalends of Feb; Feb 3 was the 3rd of the Nones of Feb; + Feb 23 was the 7th of the Kalends of March. Now Feb 23 was always the 7th of the Kalends of March, in spite of intercalatione; hence a leap year, when a day was instead between Feb 23 + 24, there were 2 days conted as the 6th of the Kalends of March. The leap year is thus bissextile [Latin = twice six.)

- The calendar now most widely used in an evolution of the Roman calendar. In its most primitive form this apparently had 10 months March (31), April (29), May (31), June (29), Quintilis (31), Saxtilia (29) Sept. (29) Oct (31 Nov(29) Dec (29). To fill out the year a blank number of days or occasional intercalary months were used. Later Jan (29) + Feb (28) were added to the end of the year. - The lithurgical year consists of 2 cycles a) the feasts of Our Lord, the Sumdays + the major + minor ferias b) the feasts of the Virgin + the Saints. The 1st cycle is reckoned by the lunar year. It depends on the central feast of Easter which is not celebrated on a fixed day of the kalendar or solar year. In the liturgical books the whole cycle of these 'moveable' feasts is collected into the 'Proper of the Season' or 'Temporale'. The reckoning of the 2nd cycle is much simpler. Each feast is alebrated on a Fixed day. There are collected into the 'Proper of the Saints' or 'sanctorale'.

(ca 995-1050) Guido of Arezzo - established a staff of 4 lines, 2 of which stood out in color, yellow or green being used for the do tone + ted for the fa tone. The 4 lines + 3 spaces were sufficient for the music of his time. Our modern 5 line stavewas fully in use for nearly all kinds of music by the end of the 15th C. The modern symbols for the notes themselves evolved from the medieval neumes. Bass clef - marked the line for the note F, + its shape was that of a stylized F. Treble clef - marked the line for the note G, + its shape was that of a stylized G. six tone or hexachord scale - CDE FGA Guido's original scheme - ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la - Ut quesnt laxis Resonare fibris Mira gestarum Mira gestarum Famuli Tuorum Solve polluti Labii reatum Sancte Joannes

Later the more sonnous do was substituted for the ut + with the full fledged development of the 7 note diatonic scale, si was added Taken from the S of Sancte + the old style J (written like an I) of Joannes. In some Western countries si had become ti.

The 5 line stave was a Spanish invention.

Clefs 4 line staff C C C [?] yellow C - F F ,C [?] black ...... G [?] [?] [?] Red F - 13th 15 17 Century black ......

Aquare or quadratic notation on 4 line red staves. This notation which developed out of the early neumes, had crystallized by the 12th or 13th C. + has since become the basis of our modern notation. The neumes had no rules for measuring time, as rythm was determined by the Latin prose of teh texts.

The a in pure Gothic is made by the bottom loop in one conuter clockwise stroke completed by a clockwise stroke closing the opening

Gothic Script - Certain letter forms found in manuscripts during the Gothic period from 13-15C. -origin - round Carolingian minuscule of the late 8 + 9the C - it is rather to be looked upon thatn read - great diversity of hands - previous - all writing of books was done within monastic scriptions. - 3 branches 1) lithurgical (textus quadratus or textura

Gutenberg Bible - books of hours never found facor in Italy or Spain - rather used rotunda.

H.C. Schulz Z 239 G 72S 389 38 38f 2) Vernacular or bastarda "a" similar to our written or italic letter "s" + "f" are o fthe long variety 3) scholastic hands

flemish illumination - venter in 3 towns - Burges, Ghent + Antwerp (all present Belgium) - late in awakening - tis close was the close of the manuscript period - arose about about 1475 - continued to end quarter of the 16th C. fullest perfection under Simon Bening + his pupils (Hennessy Hours at Brussels) -objects as they were seen with his own eyes - a break with dmedieval traditions of conventional + purely decorative drawing. - landscape as the back ground of a miniature.

Flanders - the corresponing modern regions inclued the provinces of East + West Flanders in W. Belgium + the adjacent parts of N France + SW Netherlands